Beriberi pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Pathophysiology

The active form of thiamine "thiamine pyrophosphate or TTP" is an essential cofactor for three enzymes i.e. these enzymes use TTP to transfer an aldehyde unit to their substrates in various metabolic pathways. These enzymes are:

• Pyruvate dehydrogenase: involved in glycolysis (energy production) and synthesis of acetylCoA (the precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine). Impaired activity leads to energy deprivation and deficient acetylcholine synthesis.
• Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: regulates oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production in the Kreb's cycle
• Transketolase:

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