Tuberculous pericarditis epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Tuberculous pericarditis is found in approximately 1-2% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis It is the most common cause of pericarditis in Africa and other developing countries where TB is a major public health problem[1]. The incidence is increasing rapidly in the presence of HIV[2].

In a study in Western Cape Province of South Africa, tuberculous pericarditis was noted in 69.5% of patients who were referred for diagnostic pericardiocentesis. It should noted that one half of the patients were infected with HIV[3]. In contrast, the incidence of tuberculous pericarditis is 4% in developed countries[4].

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

  • In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
  • The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].

Age

  • Patients of all age groups may develop tuberculous pericarditis.
  • The incidence of tuberculous pericarditis increases with age.
  • Tuberculous pericarditis commonly affects elderly

Race

  • Tuberculous pericarditis usually affects individuals of the black race.

Gender

  • Men are more commonly affected by tuberculous pericarditis than female.

Region

  • Since the prevalence of tuberculous pericarditis may follow tuberculosis prevalence, The majority of tuberculous pericarditis cases are reported in:
    • South Africa
      • The incidence of tuberculosis in South Africa is 834 per 100,000 of the overall population.[7]
      • The mortality of tuberculosis (excluding HIV-TB coinfection) in South Africa is 46 per 100,000 of the overall population.[7]
    • Indonesia
      • The incidence of tuberculosis in Indonesia is 395 per 100,000 of the overall population.[7]
      • The mortality of tuberculosis (excluding HIV-TB coinfection) in Indonesia is 40 per 100,000 of the overall population.[7]
    • Nigeria
      • The incidence of tuberculosis in Nigeria is 322 per 100,000 of the overall population.[7]
      • The mortality of tuberculosis (excluding HIV-TB coinfection) in Nigeria is 99 per 100,000 of the overall population.[7]
    • Pakistan
      • The incidence of tuberculosis in Pakistan is 270 per 100,000 of the overall population.[7]
      • The mortality of tuberculosis (excluding HIV-TB coinfection) in Pakistan is 23 per 100,000 of the overall population.[7]
    • India
      • The incidence of tuberculosis in India is 217 per 100,000 of the overall population.[7]
      • The mortality of tuberculosis (excluding HIV-TB coinfection) in India is 36 per 100,000 of the overall population.[7]
    • China
      • The incidence of tuberculosis in China is 67 per 100,000 of the overall population.[7]
      • The mortality of tuberculosis (excluding HIV-TB coinfection) in China is 2.6 per 100,000 of the overall population.[7]

Developed Countries

  • After the resurgence of TB in the mid-1980s, the number of case counts steadily increased, peaking in 1992.[7]
  • Since the 1992 TB resurgence peak in the United States, the number of TB cases reported has decreased annually.
  • The year 2014 marked the twenty-second year of decline in the total number of TB cases reported in the United States since the peak of the resurgence.
  • In 2014, a total of 9,421 cases were reported from the 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC).
  • This represented a decline of 1.5% from 2013.
  • The number of cases per 100,000 in 2013 and 2014 has been stable at a rate of 3.0.
Image 1 - Reported TB Cases United States, 1982–2014- Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)[7]
Image 2 - TB Case Rates,* United States, 2014- Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)[7]


References

  1. ↑ Mayosi BM, Volmink JA, Commerford PJ. Pericardial disease: an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and treatment. In: Yusuf S, Cairns JA, Camm AJ, Fallen BJ, eds. Evidence-Based Cardiology. 2nd ed. London: BMJ Books; 2003: 735–748.
  2. ↑ Cegielski JP, Ramiya K, Lallinger GJ, Mtulia IA, Mbaga IM (1990). "Pericardial disease and human immunodeficiency virus in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania". Lancet. 335 (8683): 209–12. PMID 1967676.
  3. ↑ Reuter H, Burgess LJ, Doubell AF (2005). "Epidemiology of pericardial effusions at a large academic hospital in South Africa". Epidemiol Infect. 133 (3): 393–9. PMC 2870262. PMID 15962545.
  4. ↑ Sagristà-Sauleda J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J (1988). "Tuberculous pericarditis: ten year experience with a prospective protocol for diagnosis and treatment". J Am Coll Cardiol. 11 (4): 724–8. PMID 3351140.
  5. ↑ Fowler NO (1991). "Tuberculous pericarditis". JAMA. 266 (1): 99–103. PMID 2046135.
  6. ↑ Larrieu AJ, Tyers GF, Williams EH, Derrick JR (1980). "Recent experience with tuberculous pericarditis". Ann Thorac Surg. 29 (5): 464–8. PMID 7377888.
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 "WHO 2016 TB Report" (PDF).

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