Endocardial cushion defect natural history, complications and prognosis

Endocardial cushion defect Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

• The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.
• The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
• If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

Complications

• Common complications of endocardial cushion defect include:
  • Dilatation of heart
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Respiratory tract infections
  • Heart failure

Prognosis

• Prognosis of endocardial cushion defect is generally good with treatment. However, some children might develop valvular and rhythm disorders after surgical correction.
• Prognositic factors include:
  • Degree of preoperative pulmonary vascular disease
  • Amount of residual AV valve regurgitation
• Protected pulmonary vascular bed with mild AV regurtiation is associated with good outcome, while the contrary holds the bad prognosis.
• Surgical mortality rate of patients with partial endocardial cushion defect is approximately 0.6%. For complete cushion defect the surgical mortality rate is 2.5-9%