Disease
|
Organism
|
Vector
|
Symptoms
|
Bacterial Infection
|
|
|
Borreliosis (Lyme Disease) [1]
|
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex and B. mayonii
|
I. scapularis, I. pacificus, I. ricinus, and I. persulcatus
|
Erythema migrans, flu-like illness(fatigue, fever), Lyme arthritis, neuroborreliosis, and carditis.
|
Relapsing Fever [2]
|
Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF):
|
Borrelia duttoni, Borrelia hermsii, and Borrelia parkerii
|
Ornithodoros species
|
Consistently documented high fevers, flu-like illness, headaches, muscular soreness or joint pain, altered mental status, painful urination, rash, and rigors.
|
Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) :
|
Borrelia recurrentis
|
Pediculus humanus
|
Typhus (Rickettsia)
|
|
|
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
|
Rickettsia rickettsii
|
Dermacentor variabilis, Dermacentor andersoni
|
Fever, altered mental status, myalgia, rash, and headaches.
|
Helvetica Spotted Fever [3]
|
Rickettsia helvetica
|
Ixodes ricinus
|
Rash: spotted, red dots. Respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough), muscle pain, and headaches.
|
Ehrlichiosis (Anaplasmosis) [4]
|
Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii
|
Amblyomma americanum, Ixodes scapularis
|
Fever, headache, chills, malaise, muscle pain, nausea, confusion, conjunctivitis, or rash (60% in children and 30% in adults).
|
Tularemia [5]
|
Francisella tularensis
|
Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis
|
Ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, oroglandular, pneumonic, typhoidal.
|
Viral Infection
|
|
|
Tick-borne meningoencephalitis [6]
|
TBEV virus
|
Ixodes scapularis, I. ricinus, I. persulcatus
|
Early Phase: Non-specific symptoms including fever, malaise, anorexia, muscle pains, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Second Phase: Meningitis symptoms, headache, stiff neck, encephalitis, drowsiness, sensory disturbances, and potential paralysis.
|
Colorado Tick Fever [7]
|
CTF virus
|
Dermacentor andersoni
|
Common symptoms include fever, chills, headache, body aches, and lethargy. Other symptoms associated with the disease include sore throat, abdominal pain, vomiting, and a skin rash. A biphasic fever is a hallmark of Colorado Tick Fever and presents in nearly 50% of infected patients.
|
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
|
CCHF virus
|
Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa
|
Initially infected patients will likely feel a few of the following symptoms: headache, high fever, back and joint pain, stomach pain, vomiting, flushed face, red throat petechiae of the palate, and potentially changes in mood as well as sensory perception.
|
Protozoan Infection
|
|
|
Babesiosis [8]
|
Babesia microti, Babesia divergens, Babesia equi
|
Ixodes scapularis, I. pacificus
|
Non-specific flu-like symptoms.
|