Arachnoid cyst overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid cysts covered by arachnoidal cells and collagen. They develop between the arachnoid membrane and the surface of the brain. Arachnoid cysts are mostly a congenital disorder.
Classification
Arachnoid cysts may be classified according to cause into 2 subtypes/groups: primary or secondary, or according to symptoms into 3 groups.
Causes
The exact cause of arachnoid cysts is not known. Researchers believe that most cases of arachnoid cysts are developmental malformations that arise from the unexplained splitting or tearing of the arachnoid membrane, being classified as primary. There are also arachnoid cysts that arise from secondary causes, such as trauma, surgery, intracranial hemorrhage and infection.
Epidemiology
Arachnoid cysts occur in about 1.2% of the general population and are more frequently seen in men than in women.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Prognosis of arachnoid cyst is generally excellent and is usually associated with a benign disease course, despite being symptomatic in a few patients. Most are found incidentally, and a few may, rarely, enlarge and complicate with the symptoms previously described such as hydrocephalus, seizures, hearing loss, visual changes and cervical myelopathy.
History and Symptoms