HIV associated nephropathy laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Krzysztof Wierzbicki M.D. [3]

Overview

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of HIV-associated nephropathy include, high-grade proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine levels, hypoalbuniemia, hyperlipidemia, CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm³, hyaline casts, leukocytes, oval fat bodies, and microhematuria.

Laboratory Findings

Renal Biopsy

• Renal biopsy is the standard in establishing a diagnosis of HIV-associated nephropathy.
• Renal biopsy reveals focal segmental glomerulonephritis, significant tubulointerstitial injury and microcystic tubular dilation are characteristically seen.
  • Kidney biopsy is an essential tool for evaluation and identification of HIV-associated and other kidney diseases in HIV-positive patients, which is important in the management and treatment of the patients.

Other Laboratory Findings

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of HIV-associated nephropathy include, high-grade proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine levels, hypoalbuniemia, hyperlipidemia, CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm³, hyaline casts, leukocytes, oval fat bodies, and microhematuria. Routine laboratory tests that may be ordered to help in identify HIV-associated nephropathy are:

Blood Work-up

• Complete blood count (CBC)
• Serum creatinine
• Lipid profile
• Albumin
• ELISA
• Dot blot
• Latex agglutination test

Supplemental Test

• Western blot
• Immunofluorescence

Urinalysis

• Proteinuria
• Microhematuria
• Leukocytes
• Oval fat bodies
• Hyaline casts