HIV associated nephropathy laboratory findings
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Krzysztof Wierzbicki M.D. [3]
Overview
Laboratory findings in HIV-associated nephropathy include: high-grade proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine levels, hypoalbuniemia, hyperlipidemia, CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm3, hyaline casts, leukocytes, oval fat bodies, and microhematuria.
Laboratory Findings
Renal Biopsy
Renal biopsy is the standard in establishing a diagnosis of HIV-associated nephropathy.Renal biopsy reveals focal segmental glomerulonephritis, significant tubulointerstitial injury and microcystic tubular dilation are characteristically seen. [1]
Renal biopsy is an essential tool for evaluation and identification of HIV-associated and other kidney diseases in HIV-positive patients, which is important in the management and treatment of the patients.[2]
Other Laboratory Findings
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) can not be diagnosed clinically or with noninvasive measures such as laboratory findings or ultrasound.[3][4][5]
Laboratory findings in HIV-associated nephropathy include:
- Proteinuria
- Elevated serum creatinine levels
- Decreased GFR
- Dyslipidemia
- CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm3
- Hematuria
Routine laboratory tests that may be ordered to help in identify HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) are:
Blood Work-up
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Serum creatinine
- Lipid profile
- Albumin
- ELISA
- Dot blot
- Latex agglutination test
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
Supplemental Test
- Western blot
- Immunofluorescence
Urinalysis
- Proteinuria
- Microhematuria
- Leukocytes
- Oval fat bodies
- Hyaline casts
References
- ↑ D'Agati V, Suh JI, Carbone L, Cheng JT, Appel G (1989). "Pathology of HIV-associated nephropathy: a detailed morphologic and comparative study". Kidney Int. 35 (6): 1358–70. PMID 2770114.
- ↑ Fine DM, Perazella MA, Lucas GM, Atta MG (2008). "Kidney biopsy in HIV: beyond HIV-associated nephropathy". Am J Kidney Dis. 51 (3): 504–14. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.12.005. PMID 18295067.
- ↑ Atta MG, Lucas GM, Fine DM (2008). "HIV-associated nephropathy: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management". Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 6 (3): 365–71. doi:10.1586/14787210.6.3.365. PMID 18588500.
- ↑ Atta MG, Choi MJ, Longenecker JC, Haymart M, Wu J, Nagajothi N; et al. (2005). "Nephrotic range proteinuria and CD4 count as noninvasive indicators of HIV-associated nephropathy". Am J Med. 118 (11): 1288. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.05.027. PMID 16271919.
- ↑ Atta MG, Longenecker JC, Fine DM, Nagajothi N, Grover DS, Wu J; et al. (2004). "Sonography as a predictor of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy". J Ultrasound Med. 23 (5): 603–10, quiz 612-3. doi:10.7863/jum.2004.23.5.603. PMID 15154526.