Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis historical perspective

	non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aisha Adigun, B.Sc., M.D.[2]

Overview

The association between thromboembotic events and malignancy was made by Armand Trousseau in the year 1865.^[1]
Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) was first discovered by Zeigler,^[2] in 1888 following his identification of vegetation in cardiac valves associated with inflammatory states.
In 1926, Dr. Benjamin Sacks and Dr. Emmanuel Libman^[3] published cases of "valvular masses" that were examined clinically and during autopsies and found to be free of all microorganisms. These masses were initially named "indeterminate endocarditis".
In 1936, The name non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis was coined by Gross and Friedberg. ^[4]. They postulated that the attachment of fibrin to cardiac valves is the cause of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis.
In recent years it has been suggested that NBTE is a hypercoagulable state caused by a malignancy that leads to a surge in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1, resulting in the formation of thrombi.^[5]

The following are a few famous cases of [disease name]:

↑ Trousseau A. Clinique médicale de l’Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. Paris: Ballière; 1865
↑ Lopez JA, Ross RS, Fishbein MC, Siegel RJ (March 1987). "Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis: a review". Am. Heart J. 113 (3): 773–84. doi:10.1016/0002-8703(87)90719-8. PMID 3548296.
↑ E Ziegler - Ver Kong Inn Med, 1888 - ci.nii.ac.jp
↑ GROSS L, FRIEDBERG CK. NONBACTERIAL THROMBOTIC ENDOCARDITIS: CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION. Arch Intern Med (Chic). 1936;58(4):620–640. doi:10.1001/archinte.1936.00170140045004
↑ Schlittler LA, Dallagasperina VW, Schavinski C, Baggio AP, Lazaretti NS, Villaroel RU. Marantic endocarditis and adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;96(4):e73–5