Gestational diabetes risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
The predisposing risk factors for gestational diabetes include; an age >25 years, BMI >25, positive history of impaired glucose tolerance test or GDM, positive family history of diabetes, certain ethnic groups, certain medical condition, and multiple gestation.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for gestational diabetes include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- A family history of diabetes especially in first degree relatives
- Maternal age >25 yrs
- Certain ethnic groups (such as Native American, Hispanic-American, African-American, South or East Asian, Pacific Islander)
- Body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2
- Gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance test in previous pregnancies
- Previous delivery of a baby >9 pounds
- Personal history of impaired glucose tolerance or impared fasting glucose (pre-diabetes)
- Glycosuria at the first prenatal visit
- Certain medical conditions (such as metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), current use of glucocorticoids, hypertension)
- Previous history of unexplained miscarriage or stillbirth
- Smoking (doubles the risk of gestational diabetes)
- Multiple gestation
- Genetic predisposition (.e.g. glucokinase mutation)
References
- ↑ Solomon CG, Willett WC, Carey VJ, Rich-Edwards J, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE, Spiegelman D, Manson JE (1997). "A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus". JAMA. 278 (13): 1078–83. PMID 9315766.
- ↑ Kim C, Liu T, Valdez R, Beckles GL (2009). "Does frank diabetes in first-degree relatives of a pregnant woman affect the likelihood of her developing gestational diabetes mellitus or nongestational diabetes?". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 201 (6): 576.e1–6. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.069. PMC 2789883. PMID 19691951.
- ↑ Gibson KS, Waters TP, Catalano PM (2012). "Maternal weight gain in women who develop gestational diabetes mellitus". Obstet Gynecol. 119 (3): 560–5. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31824758e0. PMID 22353954.
- ↑ Retnakaran R, Shah BR (2016). "Impact of Twin Gestation and Fetal Sex on Maternal Risk of Diabetes During and After Pregnancy". Diabetes Care. 39 (8): e110–1. doi:10.2337/dc16-0825. PMID 27222507.
- ↑ Lucinda J. England , Richard J. Levine, Cong Qian, Lisa M. Soule, Enrique F. Schisterman, Kai F. Yu and Patrick M. Catalano (2004). "Glucose Tolerance and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Nulliparous Women Who Smoke during Pregnancy,". American Journal of Epidemiology. External link in
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