C4 glomerulopathy
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C4 glomerulopathy Microchapters |
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C4 glomerulopathy On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of C4 glomerulopathy |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3]
Synonyms and keywords: glomerulonephritis; C4 glomerulonephritis; dense deposit disease
Overview
Historical Perspective
There is limited information about the historical perspective of C4 glomerulopathy.
Classification
C4 glomerulopathy may be classified based on complement deposition into Dense Deposit Disease (DDD) and C4 Glomerulonephritis (C4GN).
Pathophysiology
It is thought that C4 glomerulopathy is the result of the activation of immune complex glomerulonephritis or lectin pathway of the complement.
Causes
C4 glomerulopathy may be caused by mutation of complement factor,anti-factor H, anti-factor B, or C4 nephritic factor.
Differentiating C4 glomerulopathy from other Diseases
C4 glomerulopathy must be differentiated from other diseases that cause proteinuria, hematuria, and peripheral edema, such as IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulus /minimal change disease, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and lupus nephritis.
Epidemiology and Demographics
There is not much information available about the incidence and prevalence.
Risk factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Studies | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Surgery | Medical therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies