Epistaxis pathophysiology
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Overview
All nosebleeds are due to tears in the mucosal lining and the many small blood vessels it contains. Fragility or injury may cause the tears, while inflammation, coagulation problems and other disorders may make the injury harder to repair.In some patients rapture of nasal blood vessels is spontaneous.[1] [2] [3] [4]
References
- ↑ Krulewitz, Neil Alexander; Fix, Megan Leigh (2019). "Epistaxis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 37 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.005. ISSN 0733-8627.
- ↑ Tunkel, David E.; Anne, Samantha; Payne, Spencer C.; Ishman, Stacey L.; Rosenfeld, Richard M.; Abramson, Peter J.; Alikhaani, Jacqueline D.; Benoit, Margo McKenna; Bercovitz, Rachel S.; Brown, Michael D.; Chernobilsky, Boris; Feldstein, David A.; Hackell, Jesse M.; Holbrook, Eric H.; Holdsworth, Sarah M.; Lin, Kenneth W.; Lind, Meredith Merz; Poetker, David M.; Riley, Charles A.; Schneider, John S.; Seidman, Michael D.; Vadlamudi, Venu; Valdez, Tulio A.; Nnacheta, Lorraine C.; Monjur, Taskin M. (2020). "Clinical Practice Guideline: Nosebleed (Epistaxis)". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 162 (1_suppl): S1–S38. doi:10.1177/0194599819890327. ISSN 0194-5998.
- ↑ Thornton, M A.; Mahesh, B N.; Lang, J (2005). "Posterior Epistaxis: Identification of Common Bleeding Sites". The Laryngoscope. 115 (4): 588–590. doi:10.1097/01.mlg.0000161365.96685.6c. ISSN 0023-852X.
- ↑ Chaaban, Mohamad R.; Zhang, Dong; Resto, Vicente; Goodwin, James S. (2016). "Demographic, Seasonal, and Geographic Differences in Emergency Department Visits for Epistaxis". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 156 (1): 81–86. doi:10.1177/0194599816667295. ISSN 0194-5998.