Epistaxis risk factors
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Editor in Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [[1]], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amir Behzad Bagheri, M.D.
Overview
The most common risk factor of epistaxis in trauma. Other risk factors include coagulopathies, infections and vascular abnormalities. It can occur spontaneous either. Childhood and senility are unchangeable risk factors.
Risk Factors
- Trauma is the most common risk factor of epistaxis. Childhood and senility are unchangeable risk factors. Other risk factors are:[1]
- Vascular abnormalities:.[2] [3]
- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
- Congestive hearth failure
- Granulomatosis with polyangitis
- Infections
- Coagulopathies:
There is not enough evidence that hypertension is a risk factor for epistaxis. The role of lowering blood pressure to control and prevent epistaxis remains controversial.
References
- ↑ Tunkel, David E.; Anne, Samantha; Payne, Spencer C.; Ishman, Stacey L.; Rosenfeld, Richard M.; Abramson, Peter J.; Alikhaani, Jacqueline D.; Benoit, Margo McKenna; Bercovitz, Rachel S.; Brown, Michael D.; Chernobilsky, Boris; Feldstein, David A.; Hackell, Jesse M.; Holbrook, Eric H.; Holdsworth, Sarah M.; Lin, Kenneth W.; Lind, Meredith Merz; Poetker, David M.; Riley, Charles A.; Schneider, John S.; Seidman, Michael D.; Vadlamudi, Venu; Valdez, Tulio A.; Nnacheta, Lorraine C.; Monjur, Taskin M. (2020). "Clinical Practice Guideline: Nosebleed (Epistaxis)". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 162 (1_suppl): S1–S38. doi:10.1177/0194599819890327. ISSN 0194-5998.
- ↑ Krulewitz, Neil Alexander; Fix, Megan Leigh (2019). "Epistaxis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 37 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.005. ISSN 0733-8627.
- ↑ Douglas, Richard; Wormald, Peter-John (2007). "Update on epistaxis". Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. 15 (3): 180–183. doi:10.1097/MOO.0b013e32814b06ed. ISSN 1068-9508.