Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans laboratory findings
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anahita Deylamsalehi, M.D.[2] Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]
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Overview
An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans.
Laboratory Findings
- Physicians can use serologic and histologic examination to confirm the diagnosis of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans.[1]
- High anti-spirochetal antibody levels (both IgG and IgM) has been detected at indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).[2][3][1]
- Among various antigens in borrelia burgdorferi, flagellum antigen is one of the recommended serologic evaluation in acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans patients. Moreover checking IgG against borrelia are more specific compared to IgM.[3]
- Based on various studied cases there is no relation between anti-spirochetal IgG and inflammatory cell concentration (such as plasma cell concentration).
- Borrelia itself has been found in some of the skin samples. In a study done on 693 patients suffering from acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, 30.1% of samples were positive for borrelia. [1]
- Borrelia can grew in skin culture even after 10 years of active disease, which is an evidence of ability of borrelia to survive for a long period.[4]
- A study done on patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans revealed rheumatoid factor in 32% of patients.[3]
- Elevated levels of ESR could be seen in these patients.[5]
- Biopsy shows chronic inflammatory signs in chronic cases. Other histological finding are listed below: [6][2][5]
- Perivascular lymphocytic infiltration
- Plasma cells
- Histiocytes
- Telangiectasia
- Pigmented stratum germinativum
- Dermis and epidermis thinning
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ogrinc K, Maraspin V, Lusa L, Cerar Kišek T, Ružić-Sabljić E, Strle F (2021). "Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans: clinical and microbiological characteristics of a cohort of 693 Slovenian patients". J Intern Med. doi:10.1111/joim.13266. PMID 33550695 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Asbrink E, Hovmark A, Olsson I (1986). "Clinical manifestations of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans in 50 Swedish patients". Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A. 263 (1–2): 253–61. doi:10.1016/s0176-6724(86)80128-6. PMID 3577484.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Hansen K, Asbrink E (1989). "Serodiagnosis of erythema migrans and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans by the Borrelia burgdorferi flagellum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay". J Clin Microbiol. 27 (3): 545–51. doi:10.1128/jcm.27.3.545-551.1989. PMC 267355. PMID 2715325.
- ↑ Åsbrink, Eva; Hovmark, Anders (2009). "Successful Cultivation of Spirochetes from Skin Lesions of Patients With Erythema Chronicum Migrans Afzelius and Acrodermatitis Chronica Atrophicans". Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series B: Microbiology. 93B (1–6): 161–163. doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1985.tb02870.x. ISSN 0108-0180.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Nadal, D; Gundelfinger, R; Flueler, U; Boltshauser, E (1988). "Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 63 (1): 72–74. doi:10.1136/adc.63.1.72. ISSN 0003-9888.
- ↑ Rosenlund S, Bækgaard N, Menné T (2011). "[Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans can be difficult to diagnose]". Ugeskr. Laeg. (in Danish). 173 (50): 3272–3. PMID 22153213. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)