Mental retardation overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chelsea Mae Nobleza, M.D.[2]
Overview
Intellectual disability (ID) belongs to neurodevelopmental disorders that affect children and adolescents during the developmental period. It is categorized into four subclasses that determine the need for support. This condition is characterized by impairments in both intellectual and adaptive functions. Research involving ID has found that genes that encode cognitive abilities play an essential role in its pathophysiology. An interplay of environment and genetics can cause ID, and comprehensive screening is done in these cases. More importantly, ID has existing co-morbid conditions, which makes treatment and care a challenge.