Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shameera Shaik Masthan MBBS, DLO, DNB[2]
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Overview
In the vast majority of cases, the causal pathogen is unknown. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a clinical illness that can be roughly classified as encephalomyelitis with numerous inflammatory demyelination, autoimmune reasons, and a connection to a previous infection or vaccine.
Causes
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating multifocal disease of the central nervous system that most commonly affects children after immunization or viral infections of respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts or bacterial pathogens and carries a high risk of neurological sequelae if not treated promptly.[1][2]
- Common viral causes are cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, human herpes virus-6, influenza virus, hepatitis A, human immunodeficiency virus, and mycoplasma pneumonia.[1]
- Common bacterial pathogens associated are Leptospira, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and Borrelia burgdorferi.
- The rabies vaccine was the first vaccine to be linked to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [3]
- Measles, pertussis, tetanus, influenza, hepatitis B, diphtheria, rubella, pneumococcus, varicella, smallpox, human papillomavirus, and poliomyelitis vaccines are among the less usually associated immunizations.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Alves JM, Marques IB, Gil-Gouveia R (2019). "[Vaccination Controversies: An Adult Case of Post-Vaccinal Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis]". Acta Med Port. 32 (1): 81–85. doi:10.20344/amp.9809. PMID 30753808.
- ↑ Stüve O, Nessler S, Hartung HP, Hemmer B, Wiendl H, Kieseier BC (2005). "[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis]". Nervenarzt. 76 (6): 701–7. doi:10.1007/s00115-004-1842-0. PMID 15580467.
- ↑ Rossor T, Benetou C, Wright S, Duignan S, Lascelles K, Robinson R; et al. (2020). "Early predictors of epilepsy and subsequent relapse in children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis". Mult Scler. 26 (3): 333–342. doi:10.1177/1352458518823486. PMID 30730236.
- ↑ Torisu H, Okada K (2019). "Vaccination-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis". Vaccine. 37 (8): 1126–1129. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.021. PMID 30683508.