Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pathophysiology
|
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Microchapters |
|
Differentiating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis from other Diseases |
|---|
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pathophysiology On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pathophysiology |
|
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pathophysiology in the news |
|
Blogs on Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pathophysiology |
|
Directions to Hospitals Treating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujaya Chattopadhyay, M.D.[2]
Overview
The exact mechanism of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is not determined. However, it is usually preceded by an environmental trigger, e.g. an infection or vaccination and affects individuals with a genetic predisposition.
Pathophysiology[1]
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is described as an autoimmune disorder, resulting in central nervous system demyelination.Enviromental stimuli activate cellular and humoral responses which cross-react with myelin autoantigens namely, myelin basic protein, myelin oligoendrocyte protein, proteolipid protein.
- In an alternative mechanism, post-vaccination and post-infective circulating immune complexes in the CNS give rise to an inflammatory reaction, resulting in increased vascular permeability and congestion. This disrupts the blood- brain barrier, allowing infiltration by antigens and mononuclear cells. They cause perivascular edema and hemorrhage which culminate in demyelination, necrosis and gliosis.
References
- ↑ Torisu H, Okada K (2019). "Vaccination-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis". Vaccine. 37 (8): 1126–1129. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.021. PMID 30683508.