Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (patient information)
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What is syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone?
How do I know if I have syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone and what are the symptoms of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone?
Symptoms vary, depending on the degree of abnormality in the serum sodium concentration and the speed with which this concentration falls. Usual symptoms include:
- Nausea, vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue and weakness
- Irritability
- Personality changes, such as combativeness.
- Seizures
- Confusion
- Hallucinations
- Stupor
- Coma
Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
Who is at risk for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone?
- Central nervous system disease: Brain tumors, trauma, infection such as meningitis and encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, delirium tremens, multiple sclerosis
- Pulmonary disease: Small cell lung cancer, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung abscess, tuberculosis, cystisc fibrosnis, positive-apressure ventilation
- Cancer: Lung cancer, pancreas cancer, thymoma, ovarian cancer, lymphoma, laryngeal cancer, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, melanoma.
- Drugs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, nicotine, diuretics, chlorpropamide, carbamazepine, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, vincristine, thioridazine, cyclophosphamide, clofibrate, bromocriptine, haloperidol, thiothixene, exogenous oxytocin.
- Surgery: Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland during or after surgery
- Idiopathic
How to know you have syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone?
- Serum tests include electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, glucose levels, and osmolality. Patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone may be characterised with hyponatremia (sodium <135 mEq/L) and low serum osmolality (<280 mOsm/kg).
- Urine tests: Patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone show elevated urinary sodium level (>20 mmol/L) and urine osmolality (generally >100 mOsm/L).
- Imaging Studies, such as x-ray, CT and MRI may be help find the causes of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone.
When to seek urgent medical care?
Treatment options
Diseases with similar symptoms
Where to find medical care for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone?
Directions to Hospitals Treating syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
Prevention of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
What to expect (Outook/Prognosis)?
Copyleft Sources
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768380-overview
http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/UVAHealth/peds_diabetes/siadh.cfm
http://www.healthline.com/galecontent/syndrome-of-inappropriate-antidiuretic-hormone