Dacarbazine

Dacarbazine

File:Dacarbazine structure.png
Clinical data
Pregnancy category	C
Routes of administration	IV
ATC code	L01AX04 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Elimination half-life	5 hours
Excretion	40% renal (unchanged)
Identifiers
IUPAC name 5-(3,3-Dimethyl-1-triazenyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide
CAS Number	4342-03-4
PubChem CID	2942
DrugBank	APRD00331
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C6H10N6O
Molar mass	182.18

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Overview

Dacarbazine (da-KAR-ba-zeen) (brand names DTIC, DTIC-Dome; also known as DIC or Imidazole Carboxamide) is an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of various cancers, among them malignant melanoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Antineoplastic drugs are drugs which interfere with cell growth and impede the formation of new tissue - in this case, tumor tissue. These drugs are also known as cytotoxic drugs. Dacarbazine belongs to the family of chemicals known as alkylating agents. Dacarbazine is normally administered by injection (a shot) or intravenous infusion (IV) under the immediate supervision of a doctor or nurse.

History

See also: History of cancer chemotherapy

Dacarbazine gained FDA approval in May 1975 as DTIC-Dome. The drug was initially marketed by Bayer.

Side effects

Like many chemotherapy drugs, dacarbazine may have numerous serious side effects, because it interferes with normal cell growth as well as cancer cell growth. Among the most serious possible side effects are birth defects to children conceived or carried during treatment; sterility, possibly permanent; or immune suppression (reduced ability to fight infection or disease). Like most powerful drugs, it may produce more common side effects like nausea, fatigue, headache, etc.

Common uses

As of mid-2006, dacarbazine is commonly used as a single agent in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, and as part of the ABVD chemotherapy regimen to treat Hodgkin lymphoma.

Experimental

Dacarbazine + Oblimersen. In clinical trials for malignant melanoma.

Suppliers

Bayer continues to supply DTIC-Dome. There are also generic versions of dacarbazine available from APP, Bedford, Mayne Pharma and Sicor (Teva).

See also

• Melanoma
• Hodgkin disease
• ABVD
• History of cancer chemotherapy
• Alkylating antineoplastic agent

Sources

• MedLine, U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medline/
• Cancerweb, http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cancerweb/
• OncoLink, http://oncolink.upenn.edu/