Guillain-Barré syndrome differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]
Overview
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute, autoimmune, polyradiculoneuropathy affecting the peripheral nervous system, usually triggered by an acute infectious process. It is included in the wider group of peripheral neuropathies. There are several types of GBS, but unless otherwise stated, GBS refers to the most common form, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). It is frequently severe and usually exhibits as an ascending paralysis noted by weakness in the legs that spreads to the upper limbs and the face along with complete loss of deep tendon reflexes. With prompt treatment of plasmapheresis followed by immunoglobulins and supportive care, the majority of patients will regain full functional capacity. However, death may occur if severe pulmonary complications and dysautonomia are present.
Differential diagnosis
Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Encephalitis
(By organ system)
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Botulism, Catscratch Disease, Leptospirosis, Tick-Borne Diseases, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Toxoplasmosis |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Cauda Equina and Conus Medullaris Syndromes, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy, Myasthenia Gravis, Status Epilepticus, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | Hypoglycemia |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | Heavy Metal Toxicity |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | Tuberculosis |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
- acute myelopathies with chronic back pain and sphincter dysfunction
- botulism with early loss of pupillary reactivity
- diphtheria with early oropharyngeal dysfunction
- Lyme disease polyradiculitis and other tick-borne paralyses
- porphyria with abdominal pain, seizures, psychosis
- vasculitis neuropathy
- poliomyelitis with fever and meningeal signs
- CMV polyradiculitis in immunocompromised patients
- critical illness neuropathy
- myasthenia gravis
- poisonings with organophosphate, poison hemlock, thallium, or arsenic
- paresis caused by West Nile Virus