Chronic bronchitis physical examination

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Physical exam

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X Ray
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Chronic bronchitis physical examination On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Chronic bronchitis physical examination All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Chronic bronchitis physical examination
CDC on Chronic bronchitis physical examination
Chronic bronchitis physical examination in the news
Blogs on Chronic bronchitis physical examination
Directions to Hospitals Treating Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Risk calculators and risk factors for Chronic bronchitis physical examination

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]; Philip Marcus, M.D., M.P.H. [3]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [4]

Overview

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be diagnostically evaluated by physical examination through auscultation.

Physical Examination

Physical examination are quite specific and sensitive for severe disease. The signs are usually difficult to detect in cases of mild to moderate diseases.

General physical examination

• Cyanosis
• Tachypnea
• Respiratory distress indicated by use of accessory respiratory muscles. Hoover sign presenting as paradoxical indrawing of lower intercostal spaces is evident (known as the Hoover sign)
• Elevated jugular venous pulse (JVP)
• Peripheral edema can be observed.

Pulmonary system

Inspection

• Hyperinflation (barrel chest)

Percussion

• Hyperresonance

Auscultation

• Prolonged expiration; wheezing
• Diffusely decreased breath sound
• Additional sounds - coarse crackles with inspiration

Specific features of Chronic bronchitis

• General appearance: Overweight
• Coarse rhonchi
• Signs of right heart failure or cor pulmonale such as edema and cyanosis can be seen.

Specific features of emphysema

• General appearance: Pursed lips, adopting a tripod position, using accessory muscles.
• Thin patient with barrel chest
• Barrel chest may cause distant heart sound

References

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