Klinefelter's syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis
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Klinefelter's syndrome Microchapters |
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Treatment |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Complications
In these patients, GSTs usually contain nonseminomatous elements, present at an earlier age, and seldom are testicular in location.
The syndrome increases the risk of:
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Autoimmune disorders such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren syndrome
- Breast cancer
- Depression
- Dyslexia
- 50 times greater risk of extragonadal germ cell tumor (a rare tumor)[1]
- Learning disabilities, despite normal or high IQ
- Lung disease
- Osteoporosis
- Varicose veins
Enlarged teeth with a thinning surface (taurodontism) is very common in Klinefelter's syndrome. It can be diagnosed by dental x-rays.
Prognosis
- Most patients have a normal, productive life.
References
- ↑ Mediastinal germ cell tumor in a child with precocious puberty and Klinefelter syndrome. Gregory G. Bebb, Frederic W. Grannis, Jr, Isaac B. Paz, Marilyn L. Slovak, Robert Chilcote. Ann Thorac Surg 1998;66:547-548. [http://ats.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/66/2/547 Online}