Diffuse panbronchiolitis
| Diffuse panbronchiolitis | |
| ICD-10 | J21.9 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 466.1 |
| OMIM | 604809 |
| DiseasesDB | 3804 |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Prevalence
Symptoms
Pathogenesis
Treatment
Macrolide antibiotics, such as erythromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin, have proven to be an effective long-term treatment for DPB.[1][2] The successful results of macrolides in DPB and similar lung diseases stems from controlling symptoms through immunomodulation (adjusting the immune response),[2] with the added benefit of low-dose requirements.[1]
With macrolide therapy in DPB, great reduction in bronchiolar inflammation and damage is achieved through suppression of not only neutrophil granulocyte proliferation, but also lymphocyte activity and obstructive mucus and sputum secretions in airways.[1] The antimicrobial and antibiotic effects of macrolides, however, are not believed to be involved in their beneficial effects toward treating DPB.[3] This is evident, as the treatment dosage is much too low to fight infection, and in DPB cases with the occurrence of macrolide-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa, macrolide therapy still produces substantial anti-inflammatory results.[1]
Advanced cases of DPB, where severely excessive sputum production resistant to macrolides persists, additional therapy with the inhalant tiotropium has been shown to ease these symptoms and the related shortness of breath.[4]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Keicho N, Kudoh S (2002). "Diffuse panbronchiolitis: role of macrolides in therapy". Am J Respir Med. 1 (2): 119–131. PMID 14720066.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lopez-Boado YS, Rubin BK (2008). "Macrolides as immunomodulatory medications for the therapy of chronic lung diseases". Curr Opin Pharmacol. Epub ahead of print. PMID 18339582.
- ↑ Schultz MJ (2004). "Macrolide activities beyond their antimicrobial effects: macrolides in diffuse panbronchiolitis and cystic fibrosis". J Antimicrob Chemother. 54 (1): 21–28. PMID 15190022.
- ↑ Saito Y, Azuma A, Morimoto T, Fujita K, Abe S, Motegi T, Usuki J, Kudoh S (2008). "Tiotropium ameliorates symptoms in patients with chronic airway mucus hypersecretion which is resistant to macrolide therapy". Intern Med. 47 (7): 585–591. PMID 18379141.