Statin induced myopathy classification
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby
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Overview
Statin induced myopathy is a spectrum of muscular problems caused by the intake of statins. Myopathy is, by definition, any pathology of the muscle. The spectrum of statin induced myopathy can be classified into: myalgia, asymptomatic increase in creatine kinase, myositis and rhabdomyolysis.
Classification
Myalgia
- Myalgia is defined as one or combination of symptoms of muscle weakness, tenderness or pain in the context of a normal or minimally elevated creatinine kinase level.
- Patients usually complain of cramping feeling in the muscles.
Asymptomatic Increase in Creatine Kinase
Myositis
- Myositis is the inflammation of the muscle.
- Myositis is defined as the presence of symptoms of muscle weakness, tenderness or pain in the setting of an elevated creatine kinase up to ten folds the normal level.
Rhabdomyolysis
- Rhabdomyolysis is the acute degeneration of the skeletal muscle.
- It is a potentially lethal condition due to its associated nephrotoxicity caused by myoglobinuria and myoglobinemia.
- Creatine kinase is elevated in rhabdomyolysis more than ten folds the upper limits of normal.
- The complications of rhabdomyolysis are acute tubular necrosis, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperuricemia, DIC and cardiomyopathy.[1]
Other Statin Induced Myopathies
- Elevated creatine kinase after statin withdrawal[2]
- Autoimmune myopathy requiring immunosuppressive therapy[3]
References
- ↑ Baker, S.K. & Tarnopolsky, M.A. (2001). Statin myopathies: pathophysiologic and clinical perspectives. Clin. Invest. Med., 24(5): 258-272.
- ↑ Thompson PD, Clarkson P, Karas RH (2003). "Statin-associated myopathy". JAMA. 289 (13): 1681–90. doi:10.1001/jama.289.13.1681. PMID 12672737.
- ↑ Radcliffe KA, Campbell WW (2008). "Statin myopathy". Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 8 (1): 66–72. PMID 18367041.