Epistaxis causes
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Editor in Chief: Liudvikas Jagminas, M.D., FACEP [1] Phone: 401-729-2419; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Marcelo R. Zacarkim, M.D. [2]
Overview
Causes
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Abnormal nasal anatomy
- Acute respiratory tract infections[1]
- Acute sinusitis
- Aging[2]
- Alcohol (due to vasodilation)
- Allergic rhinitis
- Allergies
- Anticoagulant use[3] [4]
- Antiplatelet medication
- Antrostomy
- Aplastic anemia
- Aspirin
- Atherosclerosis
- Barotrauma[5]
- Blood dyscrasias
- Broken nose
- Chemical irritants
- Christmas disease
- Chronic sinusitis
- Clopidogrel[4]
- Coagulopathies
- Cocaine
- Cold dry air
- Common cold
- Cystic fibrosis
- Dental extraction
- Desmopressin
- Deviated septum[6]
- Dry nasal mucosa
- Endoscopic sinus procedures
- Excessive dieting
- Facial surgery
- Fexofenadine
- Foreign body in nose
- Gastroesophageal reflux
- Hemophilia
- Heart failure (due to an increase in venous pressure)
- Hematological malignancy
- Hepatitis
- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis[7]
- Hypertension
- Iatrogenic
- Ibuprofen
- Infectious diseases
- Inhaled steroids
- Intranasal rhabdomyosarcoma
- Intranasal tumors (Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in adult, and nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in adolescent males)
- Isotretinoin
- Juvenile nasal angiofibroma
- Leukemia[8]
- Malnutrition (especially anemia)
- Mechanical trauma (intranasal sprays or nose picking)[9]
- Migraine
- Narcotics
- Nasal congestion
- Nasal excoriation
- Nasal infection
- Nasal obstruction[10][6]
- Nasal prong O2 (which tends to dry the nasal mucosa)
- Nasal polyp[6]
- Nasal septum deviation
- Nasal trauma[11][5]
- Nasal tumors[12]
- Nasal ulceration
- Nose conditions
- Orbital decompression
- Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome
- Pertussis
- Polycythemia vera
- Pregnancy
- Purpura
- Rapid weight loss
- Renal dialysis
- Rhinoplasty
- Rhinoscleroma
- Sarcoidosis[10][11]
- Scleroma
- Sclerotic vessels
- Septal granulomas
- Septal perforation
- Septoplasty[13]
- Sinus tumor
- Skull fracture
- Surgery (such as septoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery)
- Syphilis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus[11]
- Thrombocytopenia[8]
- Trauma to Littlee's area[14]
- Tuberculosis
- Vascular disorders
- Viral rhinitis
- Vitamin C deficiency
- Vitamin K deficiency
- Von Willebrand's disease
- Warfarin
- Wegener granulomatosis[15][11]
References
- ↑ Singhi SC, Mathew JL, Jindal A (2011). "Clinical pearls in respiratory diseases". Indian J Pediatr. 78 (5): 603–8. doi:10.1007/s12098-010-0270-3. PMID 21153894. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Janzen VD (1986). "Rhinological disorders in the elderly". J Otolaryngol. 15 (4): 228–30. PMID 3747017. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Edwards CP, Shehata N, Faughnan ME (2012). "Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients can tolerate anticoagulation". Ann. Hematol. 91 (12): 1959–68. doi:10.1007/s00277-012-1553-8. PMID 23053175. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Chen BC, Viny AD, Garlich FM; et al. (2012). "Hemorrhagic complications associated with dabigatran use". Clin Toxicol (Phila). 50 (9): 854–7. doi:10.3109/15563650.2012.721888. PMID 22970730. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gunn DJ, O'Hagan S (2013). "Unilateral optic neuropathy from possible sphenoidal sinus barotrauma after recreational scuba diving: a case report". Undersea Hyperb Med. 40 (1): 81–6. PMID 23397871.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Bobrov VM (2012). "[Classification and clinical observation of rhinoliths in the adult patients]". Vestn. Otorinolaringol. (in Russian) (5): 88–90. PMID 23250538.
- ↑ Silva BM, Hosman AE, Devlin HL, Shovlin CL (2013). "Lifestyle and Dietary Influences on Nosebleed Severity in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia". Laryngoscope. doi:10.1002/lary.23893. PMID 23404156. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 8.0 8.1 Alessandrini M, Micarelli A, Mugnaini F, De Padova A, Pavone I, Bruno E (2012). "Unusual case of oral chronic lymphocytic leukemia presenting as recurrent epistaxis and asymptomatic intraoral swelling". Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 113 (6): 455–7. doi:10.1016/j.stomax.2012.10.001. PMID 23153630. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Reiss M, Reiss G (2012). "Epistaxis: some aspects of laterality in 326 patients". Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 269 (3): 905–9. doi:10.1007/s00405-011-1790-9. PMID 21984062. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 10.0 10.1 Baum ED, Boudousquie AC, Li S, Mirza N (1998). "Sarcoidosis with nasal obstruction and septal perforation". Ear Nose Throat J. 77 (11): 896–8, 900–2. PMID 9846466. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Vignes S, Chaillet M, Cabane J, Piette JC (2002). "[Nasal septal perforation and systemic disease]". Rev Med Interne (in French). 23 (11): 919–26. PMID 12481392. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bracci M, Mariotti L, Staffolani S; et al. (2012). "[Sinonasal carcinoma and exposure to wood and leather dust: analysis of 36 cases]". G Ital Med Lav Ergon (in Italian). 34 (3 Suppl): 612–4. PMID 23405730.
- ↑ Rao GN, Rout K, Pal A (2012). "Central retinal artery occlusion and third cranial nerve palsy following nasal septoplasty". Case Report Ophthalmol. 3 (3): 321–6. doi:10.1159/000343700. PMC 3493008. PMID 23139676. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Verma RK, Bakshi J, Panda NK (2012). "Ectopic intranasal tooth: an unusual cause of epistaxis in a child". Ear Nose Throat J. 91 (6): 242–4. PMID 22711391. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Islam MA, Azad AK, Islam MS, Shazzad MN, Haq SA (2013). "Wegener's Granulomatosis - A Case Report". Mymensingh Med J. 22 (1): 196–199. PMID 23416832. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)