Epistaxis causes

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Editor in Chief: Liudvikas Jagminas, M.D., FACEP [1] Phone: 401-729-2419; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Marcelo R. Zacarkim, M.D. [2]

Overview

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	Chemical irritants, Cocaine
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Abnormal nasal anatomy
Acute respiratory tract infections^[1]
Acute sinusitis
Aging^[2]
Alcohol (due to vasodilation)
Allergic rhinitis
Allergies
Anticoagulant use^[3] ^[4]
Antiplatelet medication
Antrostomy
Aplastic anemia^[5]
Aspirin
Atherosclerosis
Barotrauma^[6]
Blood dyscrasias
Broken nose
Chemical irritants
Christmas disease
Chronic sinusitis
Clopidogrel^[4]
Coagulopathies
Cocaine
Cold dry air
Common cold
Cystic fibrosis
Dental extraction
Desmopressin
Deviated septum^[7]
Dry nasal mucosa
Endoscopic sinus procedures
Excessive dieting
Facial surgery
Fexofenadine
Foreign body in nose
Gastroesophageal reflux
Hemophilia
Heart failure (due to an increase in venous pressure)
Hematological malignancy
Hepatitis^[8]
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis (Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome)^[9]^[10]
Hypertension
Iatrogenic
Ibuprofen
Infectious diseases
Inhaled steroids
Intranasal rhabdomyosarcoma
Intranasal tumors (Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in adult, and nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in adolescent males)
Isotretinoin

Juvenile nasal angiofibroma
Leukemia^[11]
Malnutrition (especially anemia)
Mechanical trauma (intranasal sprays or nose picking)^[12]
Migraine
Narcotics
Nasal congestion
Nasal excoriation
Nasal infection
Nasal obstruction^[13]^[7]
Nasal prong O2 (which tends to dry the nasal mucosa)
Nasal polyp^[7]
Nasal septum deviation
Nasal trauma^[14]^[6]
Nasal tumors^[15]
Nasal ulceration
Nose conditions
Orbital decompression
Pertussis
Polycythemia vera
Pregnancy^[16]
Purpura
rhabdomyosarcoma^[17]
Rapid weight loss
Renal dialysis
Rhinoplasty
Rhinoscleroma
Sarcoidosis^[13]^[14]
Scleroma
Sclerotic vessels
Septal granulomas
Septal perforation
Septoplasty^[18]
Sinus tumor^[17]
Skull fracture
Surgery (such as septoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery)
Syphilis
Systemic lupus erythematosus^[14]
Thrombocytopenia^[11]
Trauma to Littlee's area^[19]
Tuberculosis
Vascular disorders
Viral rhinitis
Vitamin C deficiency
Vitamin K deficiency
Von Willebrand's disease^[20]
Warfarin
Wegener granulomatosis^[21]^[14]

References

↑ Singhi SC, Mathew JL, Jindal A (2011). "Clinical pearls in respiratory diseases". Indian J Pediatr. 78 (5): 603–8. doi:10.1007/s12098-010-0270-3. PMID 21153894. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Janzen VD (1986). "Rhinological disorders in the elderly". J Otolaryngol. 15 (4): 228–30. PMID 3747017. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Edwards CP, Shehata N, Faughnan ME (2012). "Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients can tolerate anticoagulation". Ann. Hematol. 91 (12): 1959–68. doi:10.1007/s00277-012-1553-8. PMID 23053175. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Chen BC, Viny AD, Garlich FM; et al. (2012). "Hemorrhagic complications associated with dabigatran use". Clin Toxicol (Phila). 50 (9): 854–7. doi:10.3109/15563650.2012.721888. PMID 22970730. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Wali R, Fadoo Z, Adil S, Naqvi MA (2011). "Aplastic anemia: clinicohaematological features, treatment and outcome analysis". J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 21 (4): 219–22. doi:04.2011/JCPSP.219222 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 21453618. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Gunn DJ, O'Hagan S (2013). "Unilateral optic neuropathy from possible sphenoidal sinus barotrauma after recreational scuba diving: a case report". Undersea Hyperb Med. 40 (1): 81–6. PMID 23397871.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Bobrov VM (2012). "[Classification and clinical observation of rhinoliths in the adult patients]". Vestn. Otorinolaringol. (in Russian) (5): 88–90. PMID 23250538.
↑ Abbas F, Refaat LA, Hussien A, El-Shazly AE (2009). "Hepatitis C virus induces nasal epithelial erosion and sub-epithelial rhinitis". Rhinology. 47 (4): 438–43. doi:10.4193/Rhin08.120. PMID 19936373. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Silva BM, Hosman AE, Devlin HL, Shovlin CL (2013). "Lifestyle and Dietary Influences on Nosebleed Severity in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia". Laryngoscope. doi:10.1002/lary.23893. PMID 23404156. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Jarzabek M, Trojanowski P, Szajner M, Pyra K, Sojka M, Szczerbo-Trojanowska M (2012). "[Epistaxis in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease treated with selective embolization--case report]". Prz. Lek. (in Polish). 69 (7): 317–9. PMID 23276024.
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Alessandrini M, Micarelli A, Mugnaini F, De Padova A, Pavone I, Bruno E (2012). "Unusual case of oral chronic lymphocytic leukemia presenting as recurrent epistaxis and asymptomatic intraoral swelling". Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 113 (6): 455–7. doi:10.1016/j.stomax.2012.10.001. PMID 23153630. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Reiss M, Reiss G (2012). "Epistaxis: some aspects of laterality in 326 patients". Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 269 (3): 905–9. doi:10.1007/s00405-011-1790-9. PMID 21984062. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Baum ED, Boudousquie AC, Li S, Mirza N (1998). "Sarcoidosis with nasal obstruction and septal perforation". Ear Nose Throat J. 77 (11): 896–8, 900–2. PMID 9846466. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 ^14.3 Vignes S, Chaillet M, Cabane J, Piette JC (2002). "[Nasal septal perforation and systemic disease]". Rev Med Interne (in French). 23 (11): 919–26. PMID 12481392. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Bracci M, Mariotti L, Staffolani S; et al. (2012). "[Sinonasal carcinoma and exposure to wood and leather dust: analysis of 36 cases]". G Ital Med Lav Ergon (in Italian). 34 (3 Suppl): 612–4. PMID 23405730.
↑ Kumar R, Hayhurst KL, Robson AK (2011). "Ear, nose, and throat manifestations during pregnancy". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 145 (2): 188–98. doi:10.1177/0194599811407572. PMID 21555777. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 El Sanharawi A, Coulibaly B, Bessede JP, Aubry K (2013). "Paranasal sinus rhabdomyosarcoma: A rare tumor of poor prognosis". Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 130 (1): 26–9. doi:10.1016/j.anorl.2012.07.002. PMID 23021978. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Rao GN, Rout K, Pal A (2012). "Central retinal artery occlusion and third cranial nerve palsy following nasal septoplasty". Case Report Ophthalmol. 3 (3): 321–6. doi:10.1159/000343700. PMC 3493008. PMID 23139676. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Verma RK, Bakshi J, Panda NK (2012). "Ectopic intranasal tooth: an unusual cause of epistaxis in a child". Ear Nose Throat J. 91 (6): 242–4. PMID 22711391. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Schneppenheim R (2011). "The pathophysiology of von Willebrand disease: therapeutic implications". Thromb. Res. 128 Suppl 1: S3–7. doi:10.1016/S0049-3848(12)70002-6. PMID 22221847.
↑ Islam MA, Azad AK, Islam MS, Shazzad MN, Haq SA (2013). "Wegener's Granulomatosis - A Case Report". Mymensingh Med J. 22 (1): 196–199. PMID 23416832. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid21153894-1] Singhi SC, Mathew JL, Jindal A (2011). "Clinical pearls in respiratory diseases". Indian J Pediatr. 78 (5): 603–8. doi:10.1007/s12098-010-0270-3. PMID 21153894. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid3747017-2] Janzen VD (1986). "Rhinological disorders in the elderly". J Otolaryngol. 15 (4): 228–30. PMID 3747017. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid23053175-3] Edwards CP, Shehata N, Faughnan ME (2012). "Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients can tolerate anticoagulation". Ann. Hematol. 91 (12): 1959–68. doi:10.1007/s00277-012-1553-8. PMID 23053175. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid22970730-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Chen BC, Viny AD, Garlich FM; et al. (2012). "Hemorrhagic complications associated with dabigatran use". Clin Toxicol (Phila). 50 (9): 854–7. doi:10.3109/15563650.2012.721888. PMID 22970730. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid21453618-5] Wali R, Fadoo Z, Adil S, Naqvi MA (2011). "Aplastic anemia: clinicohaematological features, treatment and outcome analysis". J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 21 (4): 219–22. doi:04.2011/JCPSP.219222 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 21453618. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid23397871-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Gunn DJ, O'Hagan S (2013). "Unilateral optic neuropathy from possible sphenoidal sinus barotrauma after recreational scuba diving: a case report". Undersea Hyperb Med. 40 (1): 81–6. PMID 23397871.

[pmid23250538-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Bobrov VM (2012). "[Classification and clinical observation of rhinoliths in the adult patients]". Vestn. Otorinolaringol. (in Russian) (5): 88–90. PMID 23250538.

[pmid19936373-8] Abbas F, Refaat LA, Hussien A, El-Shazly AE (2009). "Hepatitis C virus induces nasal epithelial erosion and sub-epithelial rhinitis". Rhinology. 47 (4): 438–43. doi:10.4193/Rhin08.120. PMID 19936373. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid23404156-9] Silva BM, Hosman AE, Devlin HL, Shovlin CL (2013). "Lifestyle and Dietary Influences on Nosebleed Severity in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia". Laryngoscope. doi:10.1002/lary.23893. PMID 23404156. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid23276024-10] Jarzabek M, Trojanowski P, Szajner M, Pyra K, Sojka M, Szczerbo-Trojanowska M (2012). "[Epistaxis in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease treated with selective embolization--case report]". Prz. Lek. (in Polish). 69 (7): 317–9. PMID 23276024.

[pmid23153630-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Alessandrini M, Micarelli A, Mugnaini F, De Padova A, Pavone I, Bruno E (2012). "Unusual case of oral chronic lymphocytic leukemia presenting as recurrent epistaxis and asymptomatic intraoral swelling". Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 113 (6): 455–7. doi:10.1016/j.stomax.2012.10.001. PMID 23153630. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid21984062-12] Reiss M, Reiss G (2012). "Epistaxis: some aspects of laterality in 326 patients". Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 269 (3): 905–9. doi:10.1007/s00405-011-1790-9. PMID 21984062. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid9846466-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Baum ED, Boudousquie AC, Li S, Mirza N (1998). "Sarcoidosis with nasal obstruction and septal perforation". Ear Nose Throat J. 77 (11): 896–8, 900–2. PMID 9846466. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid12481392-14] 14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 ^14.3 Vignes S, Chaillet M, Cabane J, Piette JC (2002). "[Nasal septal perforation and systemic disease]". Rev Med Interne (in French). 23 (11): 919–26. PMID 12481392. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid23405730-15] Bracci M, Mariotti L, Staffolani S; et al. (2012). "[Sinonasal carcinoma and exposure to wood and leather dust: analysis of 36 cases]". G Ital Med Lav Ergon (in Italian). 34 (3 Suppl): 612–4. PMID 23405730.

[pmid21555777-16] Kumar R, Hayhurst KL, Robson AK (2011). "Ear, nose, and throat manifestations during pregnancy". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 145 (2): 188–98. doi:10.1177/0194599811407572. PMID 21555777. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid23021978-17] 17.0 ^17.1 El Sanharawi A, Coulibaly B, Bessede JP, Aubry K (2013). "Paranasal sinus rhabdomyosarcoma: A rare tumor of poor prognosis". Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 130 (1): 26–9. doi:10.1016/j.anorl.2012.07.002. PMID 23021978. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid23139676-18] Rao GN, Rout K, Pal A (2012). "Central retinal artery occlusion and third cranial nerve palsy following nasal septoplasty". Case Report Ophthalmol. 3 (3): 321–6. doi:10.1159/000343700. PMC 3493008. PMID 23139676. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid22711391-19] Verma RK, Bakshi J, Panda NK (2012). "Ectopic intranasal tooth: an unusual cause of epistaxis in a child". Ear Nose Throat J. 91 (6): 242–4. PMID 22711391. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid22221847-20] Schneppenheim R (2011). "The pathophysiology of von Willebrand disease: therapeutic implications". Thromb. Res. 128 Suppl 1: S3–7. doi:10.1016/S0049-3848(12)70002-6. PMID 22221847.

[pmid23416832-21] Islam MA, Azad AK, Islam MS, Shazzad MN, Haq SA (2013). "Wegener's Granulomatosis - A Case Report". Mymensingh Med J. 22 (1): 196–199. PMID 23416832. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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Epistaxis causes

Overview

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

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