Disseminated intravascular coagulation causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

There are a variety of causes of DIC, all usually causing the release of chemicals into the blood that instigates the coagulation.

• Infections:
  • Sepsis, particularly with gram-negative bacteria
  • Viral
  • Malaria
  • Rickettsial
• Obstetric complications (most common cause), with chemicals from the uterus being released into the blood. These include:
  • Amniotic fluid embolism
  • Eclampsia
  • Abruptio placentae
  • Placenta praevia
  • intra-uterine death
• Tissue trauma such as burns, accidents, surgery, heat stroke or shock.
• Liver disease:
  • Cirrhosis
  • Acute hepatic necrosis
• Incompatible blood transfusion reactions or massive blood transfusion (when more than the total circulatory volume is tranfused)
• Graft-versus-host disease
• Cancers, particularly of the following types, and especially when metastatic:
  • Stomach cancer
  • Colorectal cancer
  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma
  • Acute promyelocytic leukemia
• Viral hemorrhagic fevers bring about their frank effects, paradoxically, by causing DIC.
• Envenomation by some species of venomous snakes, such as those belonging to the genus Echis (saw-scaled vipers).

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy Acute hepatic failure Acute myeloid leukemia Acute pancreatitis Acute promyelocytic leukemia Acute renal allograft rejection Amniotic fluid embolism Amphetamine Antiphospholipid syndrome Aortic aneurysm Argentine hemorrhagic fever Aspergillosis Blood transfusion and complications Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever Burns Cancers of lung, pancreas, prostate and stomach Capnocytophaga canimorsus CMV Cocaine Crohn disease Crush syndrome Denver shunt Eclampsia Empyema Extensive surgery Giant hemangioma Head injury Heat stroke HELLP syndrome Hepatitis viruses Histoplasmosis Interleukin 2 Intrauterine death Kasabach-Merritt syndrome LeVeen shunt Lightning strike Liver disease Macrophage activation syndrome Malaria (malignant tertian)

Malignant hypertension Meningococcal septicaemia Motor vehicle accidents Mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma Mycoplasma pneumoniae Myeloproliferative syndromes Myocardial infarction Neisseria meningiditis Neisseria meningitidis Osteomyelitis Paraneoplastic syndrome Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Peritoneovenous shunt Placental abruption Pre-eclampsia Prosthetic devices Purpura fulminans Raynaud disease Recent anesthesia Reperfusion after liver transplantation Retained intrauterine fetal demise Rheumatoid arthritis Rocky mountain spotted fever Sarcoidosis Septic shock Serotonin syndrome Severe tissue injury Shock Sleeping sickness (East African) Snake bite Streptococcus pneumoniae Trousseau's syndrome Tuberculosis Typhoid fever Ulcerative colitis Vasculitis Ventricular assist devices Viral hemorrhagic fevers VZV