Sarcoidosis
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| Sarcoidosis | |
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| Sarcoidosis in a Lymph Node. | |
| ICD-10 | D86 |
| ICD-9 | 135 |
| OMIM | 181000 |
| DiseasesDB | 11797 |
| MedlinePlus | 000076 |
| MeSH | D012507 |
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Sarcoidosis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Sarcoidosis On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Sarcoidosis |
Editor-in-Chief: Philip Marcus, M.D., M.P.H. [1], Division of Pulmonary Medicine St. Francis Hospital-The Heart Center, Roslyn, NY
Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] and Hilary Womble, M. D.
Click Here For The Chapter On The Heart In Sarcoidosis
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Sarcoidosis involves a dysregulated immune response to environmental agents in a genetically susceptible host.
Immunological factors- The sarcoid granulomas indicate cell mediated immune response. Anergy to common skin test antigens like Candida and Tuberculosis purified protein derivative (PPD) is seen in sarcoidosis patient.It was demonstrated that the mycobacterial virulence factors, ESAT-6 and katG, when presented by DRB1*1101 are recognized by sarcoidosis CD4+ T cells.[1]
Environmental factors - Several environmental exposures are believed to be associated with the risk for sarcoidosis:mold or mildew, musty odors at work, agricultural employment, and pesticide-using industries.
Genetic factors - Recent pangenomic studies highlight some regions of the genome such as 6p21 where are located important immune genes: MHC, BTNL2 and TNF-α . Sarcoidosis is more common and severe in blacks than whites.[2]It was recently found that non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1049550, within the annexin A11 (ANXA11) gene was associated with susceptibility to sarcoidosis[3].Sarcoidosis likely results from an interplay of environmental and genetic factors.
Differentiating Sarcoidosis from other Disorders
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Related Chapters
External links
- The Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research
- Pathology Images of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Diseases
- Microscopy of granulomas in sarcoidosis
- Template:GPnotebook
- The Sarcoidosis Community is The Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research's online community
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease
- MedPix Pulmonary Sarcoid
da:Sarkoidose de:Sarkoidose eo:Sarkoidozo eu:Sarkoidosia he:סרקואידוזיס lb:Sarkoidos nl:Sarcoïdose no:Sarkoidose nn:sarkoidose sq:Sarkoidoza fi:Sarkoidoosi sv:Sarkoidos
- ↑ Oswald-Richter K, Sato H, Hajizadeh R, Shepherd BE, Sidney J, Sette A; et al. (2010). "Mycobacterial ESAT-6 and katG are recognized by sarcoidosis CD4+ T cells when presented by the American sarcoidosis susceptibility allele, DRB1*1101". J Clin Immunol. 30 (1): 157–66. doi:10.1007/s10875-009-9311-y. PMC 2821522. PMID 19536643.
- ↑ Judson MA, Boan AD, Lackland DT (2012). "The clinical course of sarcoidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in a large white and black cohort in the United States". Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 29 (2): 119–27. PMID 23461074.
- ↑ Levin AM, Iannuzzi MC, Montgomery CG, Trudeau S, Datta I, McKeigue P; et al. (2013). "Association of ANXA11 genetic variation with sarcoidosis in African Americans and European Americans". Genes Immun. 14 (1): 13–8. doi:10.1038/gene.2012.48. PMC 3595044. PMID 23151485.