Dyspepsia overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Dyspepsia (from the Greek "δυς-" (Dys-), meaning hard or difficult, and "πέψη" (Pepse), meaning digestion) is chronic or recurrent pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen [1] Discomfort, in this context, includes mild pain, upper abdominal fullness and feeling full earlier than expected with eating. It can be accompanied by bloating, belching, nausea or heartburn. Heartburn is excluded from the definition of dyspesia in ICD 10, as it usually has a different cause and management pathway. Many people get dyspepsia. It is often caused by lifestyle factors, such as smoking and diet, but there are some serious causes such as cancer of the stomach, peptic ulcer disease and some medications. When people have dyspepsia but no risk factors for any of the serious causes, it can be labeled undifferentiated dyspepsia and treated without further investigations. When people have been investigated for dyspepsia but no cause has been found it can be labeled as functional dyspepsia.
Historical Perspective
The current understanding of the pathogenesis of dyspepsia began with the first description of gastric ulcer disease in 1799. The term was first used in its current form in 1916 by Walter Alvarez.
Classification
Dyspepsia is broadly classified into two major types: ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia. The latter is also known as functional dyspepsia.
References
- ↑ N. Talley, et al., "Guidelines for the management of dyspepsia", American Journal of Gastroenterology 100 (2005), pp. 2324-2337.