Coronary catheterization
| Coronary catheterization | |
 | |
|---|---|
| Coronary catheterization:Left coronary artery injection |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Coronary Anatomy
Standard Angiographic Views
How to Assess Epicardial Coronary Blood Flow
How to Assess Myocardial Perfusion
- TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 0
- TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 1
- TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 2
- TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3
How to Assess Thrombus or Clot
- Complications during and following cardiac catheterization
- Angiogram
- Suggested angiographic projections
- Congenital anomalies of the coronary circulation
- Anomalous origins of coronary arteries
- ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Coronary Angiography
Coronary catheterization is an invasive procedure to access the coronary circulation and blood filled chambers of the heart using a catheter. It is performed for both diagnostic and interventional (treatment) purposes. Coronary catheterization is one of the several cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures. Specifically, coronary catheterization is a visually interpreted test performed to recognize occlusion, stenosis, restenosis, thrombosis or aneurysmal enlargement the coronary artery lumens, heart chamber size, heart muscle contraction performance and some aspects of heart valve function. Important internal heart and lung blood pressures, not measurable from outside the body, can be accurately measured during the test. The relevant problems that the test deals with most commonly occur as a result of advanced atherosclerosis, atheroma activity within the wall of the coronary arteries. Less frequently, other issues, valvular, heart muscle or arrhythmia issues are the primary focus of the test.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Coronary artery luminal narrowing reduces the flow reserve for oxygenated blood to the heart, typically producing intermittent angina if very advanced; luminal occlusion usually produces a heart attack. However, it has been increasingly recognized, since the late 1980s, that coronary catheterization does not allow the recognition of the presence or absence of coronary atherosclerosis itself, only significant luminal changes which have occurred as a result of end stage complications of the atherosclerotic process. See IVUS and atheroma for a better understanding of this issue.
Related Chapters
- Interventional cardiology
- Cardiology
- TIMI flow grade 0
- TIMI flow grade 1
- TIMI flow grade 2
- TIMI flow grade 3
- TIMI frame count (TFC)
- TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 0
- TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 1
- TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 2
- TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3
- Thrombus Grading
- Complications during and following cardiac catheterization
- Access site complications
- Angiogram
- Suggested angiographic projections
- Congenital anomalies of the coronary circulation
- Anomalous origins of coronary arteries
- ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Coronary Angiography
References
- ↑ Connolly JE. The development of coronary artery surgery: personal recollections. Tex Heart Inst J 2002;29:10-4. PMID 11995842.
- ↑ Proudfit WL, Shirey EK, Sones FM Jr. Selective cine coronary arteriography. Correlation with clinical findings in 1,000 patients. Circulation 1966;33:901-10. PMID 5942973.
- ↑ Sones FM, Shirey EK. Cine coronary arteriography. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis 1962;31:735-8. PMID 13915182.
- ↑ Smith SC Jr, Feldman TE, Hirshfeld JW Jr, Jacobs AK, Kern MJ, King SB 3rd, Morrison DA, O'neill WW, Schaff HV, Whitlow PL, Williams DO, Antman EM, Smith SC Jr, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Jacobs AK, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; ACC/AHA/SCAI Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 Guideline Update for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention-Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/SCAI Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Jan 3;47(1):216-35. PMID 16386696
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