Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness. It is caused by an emerging coronavirus, specifically a betacoronavirus called MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus), first discovered in 2012. Being a relatively novel virus, there is no virus-specific prevention or treatment options for MERS patients. Attending to the fact that a vaccine hasn't been developed yet, enhancing infection prevention and control measures is critical to prevent the possible spread of MERS-CoV in hospitals and communities. Persons with symptoms suspicious of MERS-CoV infection need medical evaluation. Physical examination by a health care provider may reveal fever, hypothermia, tachypnea, hypotension, tachycardia, and/or low oxygen saturation. Additionally, people who are struggling to breathe, confused or who have cyanosis require immediate attention.[1][2][3]
Physical Examination
Patients infected by MERS-CoV usually present to the hospital in critically ill condition. However, some studies have reported some mild cases.[3][4] According to the progression of the disease, the physical findings, suggestive of respiratory infection, will change. These may include:
Vital Signs
- Decreased oxygen saturation
- Fever
- Hypotension < 90 mm Hg
- Tachycardia > 125 beats/min
- Tachypnea
Lungs
Palpation
Percussion
- Dullness on percussion suggests pneumonia as an alternative diagnosis
Auscultation
- Decreased breath sounds
References
- ↑ Dyall J, Coleman CM, Hart BJ, Venkataraman T, Holbrook MR, Kindrachuk J; et al. (2014). "Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus Infection". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/AAC.03036-14. PMID 24841273.
- ↑ "Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infections when novel coronavirus is suspected: What to do and what not to do" (PDF).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "MERS Prevention and Treatment".
- ↑ Memish, Ziad A.; Zumla, Alimuddin I.; Assiri, Abdullah (2013). "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections in Health Care Workers". New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (9): 884–886. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1308698. ISSN 0028-4793.