Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection pathophysiology
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Overview
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness. It is caused by an emerging coronavirus, specifically a betacoronavirus called MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus), first discovered in 2012. Potential animal reservoirs and mechanisms of transmission of MERS-CoV to humans remain unclear. Initially a zoonotic origin for MERS-CoV was suggested due to the high genetic similarity to the coronaviruses in bats. Additionally, recent reports have also described serologic data similarities in camels and related viruses have also been identified in bats. However, future studies will have to provide additional epidemiologic data linking human MERS cases to infected animals in order to determine if a particular species is a host, a source of human infection, or both.[1][2]
Pathophysiology
The Microorganism
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by an emerging coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was previously known as human betaCoV 2c EMC/2012 (hCoV-EMC).[3][4][5] MERS-CoV belongs to the genera betacoronavirus of the family coronaviridae, the largest of all the RNA viruses, with positive single-stranded RNA genomes of 26–32 kilobases.[6] It shares several similarities with SARS-CoV, another betacoronavirus.
Encounter With the Microorganism
Colonization
Penetration of Antimicrobial Barrier
Spread
Mechanism of Damage
Resolution
References
- ↑ "Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infections when novel coronavirus is suspected: What to do and what not to do" (PDF).
- ↑ "MERS Prevention and Treatment".
- ↑ Bermingham A, Chand MA, Brown CS, Aarons E, Tong C, Langrish C; et al. (2012). "Severe respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, in a patient transferred to the United Kingdom from the Middle East, September 2012". Euro Surveill. 17 (40): 20290. PMID 23078800.
- ↑ Zaki AM, van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA (2012). "Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia". N Engl J Med. 367 (19): 1814–20. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1211721. PMID 23075143.
- ↑ de Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric RS, Brown CS, Drosten C, Enjuanes L; et al. (2013). "Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group". J Virol. 87 (14): 7790–2. doi:10.1128/JVI.01244-13. PMC 3700179. PMID 23678167.
- ↑ Chan JF, To KK, Tse H, Jin DY, Yuen KY (2013). "Interspecies transmission and emergence of novel viruses: lessons from bats and birds". Trends Microbiol. 21 (10): 544–55. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2013.05.005. PMID 23770275.