Androgen insensitivity syndrome classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) represents a spectrum of defects in androgen action and can be subdivided into three broad phenotypes into complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS) and partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS).
Classification
- Based on the degree of genital masculinization, androgen insensitivity syndrome is divided into three categories:[1][2][3][4]
- When the external genitalia is that of a normal female it is classified as complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS)
- When the external genitalia is that of a normal male it is classified as mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS)
- When the external genitalia is partially, but not fully masculinized it is classified as partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS)
- Individuals with both partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) have 46 XY karyotypes. [1]
Classification of Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Phenotypes:' [5]
Classification of Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Phenotypes | ||
Type | External Genitalia | Findings |
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CAIS - (Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome) | Female (“testicular feminization”) |
|
Predominantly female (“incomplete AIS”) |
| |
PAIS - (Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome) | Ambiguous |
|
Predominantly male |
| |
MAIS - (Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome) | Male (“undervirilized male syndrome”) |
|
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bhaskararao G, Himabindu Y, Nayak SR, Sriharibabu M (2014). "Laparoscopic gonedectomy in a case of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome". J Hum Reprod Sci. 7 (3): 221–3. doi:10.4103/0974-1208.142498. PMC 4229800. PMID 25395750.
- ↑ Ohba K, Hayashida Y, Hakariya H, Ichinose S, Naitou S (2009). "[Case of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome]". Hinyokika Kiyo (in Japanese). 55 (5): 277–80. PMID 19507547.
- ↑ Oakes MB, Eyvazzadeh AD, Quint E, Smith YR (2008). "Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome--a review". J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 21 (6): 305–10. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2007.09.006. PMID 19064222.
- ↑ Hashmi A, Hanif F, Hanif SM, Abdullah FE, Shamim MS (2008). "Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome". J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 18 (7): 442–4. doi:07.2008/JCPSP.442444 Check
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