Endocarditis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2] Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]
Overview
Common symptoms of endocarditis include fever, chills, anorexia, malaise, weight loss, and back pain.
History and Symptoms
History
Patients with endocarditis may have a positive history of:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
- Any congenital heart disease
- Valvular heart disease
- Intravenous drug abuse
- Prosthetic heart valves
- Intracardiac devices
- Immunosuppression
- Poor dental health and history of recent dental procedures
- Lupus
- Malignancy
Common Symptoms
Subacute bacterial endocarditis has an insidious onset while acute bacterial endocarditis is abrupt in onset.
Bacterial Endocarditis
Common symptoms of endocarditis include:[8][9][10][11]
- Rigors
- Fevers as high as 102.9° to 105.1° F (39.4° to 40.6° C), often remittent
- Chills
- Anorexia
- Malaise
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Back pain
- Flank pain due to renal embolization.
- Stroke may be present in 10 - 15% of patients as a result of cerebral embolization
- Chest pain may be present as a result of embolization in the coronary artery. The infarcts are usually not transmural. Pulmonary emboli, often septic, occur in 75% of patients with tricuspid endocarditis
- Abdominal pain may be present due to mesenteric embolization or ileus
- Blindness may be present due to retinal embolization in 3% of patients
Endocarditis Associated with Parenteral Drug Use
Common symptoms of endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers are:
- High fever
- Chills
- Rigors
- Malaise
- Cough
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Sputum production, hemoptysis
- Stroke, TIA, seizures
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
References
- ↑ Arvay A, Lengyel M (1988). "Incidence and risk factors of prosthetic valve endocarditis". Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2 (5): 340–6. PMID 3272238.
- ↑ Mylonakis E, Calderwood SB (2001). "Infective endocarditis in adults". N Engl J Med. 345 (18): 1318–30. doi:10.1056/NEJMra010082. PMID 11794152.
- ↑ Corrigall, Denton; Bolen, James; Hancock, E.William; Popp, Richard L. (1977). "Mitral valve prolapse and infective endocarditis". The American Journal of Medicine. 63 (2): 215–222. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(77)90235-2. ISSN 0002-9343.
- ↑ Sousa, C.; Botelho, C.; Rodrigues, D.; Azeredo, J.; Oliveira, R. (2012). "Infective endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers: an update". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 31 (11): 2905–2910. doi:10.1007/s10096-012-1675-x. ISSN 0934-9723.
- ↑ Sohail, Muhammad R.; Uslan, Daniel Z.; Khan, Akbar H.; Friedman, Paul A.; Hayes, David L.; Wilson, Walter R.; Steckelberg, James M.; Jenkins, Sarah M.; Baddour, Larry M. (2008). "Infective Endocarditis Complicating Permanent Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Infection". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 83 (1): 46–53. doi:10.4065/83.1.46. ISSN 0025-6196.
- ↑ Moyssakis, Ioannis; Tektonidou, Maria G.; Vasilliou, Vassilios A.; Samarkos, Michael; Votteas, Vassilios; Moutsopoulos, Haralampos M. (2007). "Libman-Sacks Endocarditis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Prevalence, Associations, and Evolution". The American Journal of Medicine. 120 (7): 636–642. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.01.024. ISSN 0002-9343.
- ↑ Min, Kyung-Whan; Gyorkey, Ferene; Sato, Clifford (1980). "Mucin-producing adenocarcinomas and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Pathogenetic role of tumor mucin". Cancer. 45 (9): 2374–2382. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19800501)45:9<2374::AID-CNCR2820450923>3.0.CO;2-J. ISSN 0008-543X.
- ↑ Dhawan VK (2002). "Infective endocarditis in elderly patients". Clin Infect Dis. 34 (6): 806–12. doi:10.1086/339045. PMID 11830803.
- ↑ Moss R, Munt B (2003). "Injection drug use and right sided endocarditis". Heart. 89 (5): 577–81. PMC 1767660. PMID 12695478.
- ↑ Silverman ME, Upshaw CB (December 2007). "Extracardiac manifestations of infective endocarditis and their historical descriptions". Am. J. Cardiol. 100 (12): 1802–7. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.07.034. PMID 18082531.
- ↑ Servy A, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Alla F, Lechiche C, Nazeyrollas P, Chidiac C, Hoen B, Chosidow O, Duval X (May 2014). "Prognostic value of skin manifestations of infective endocarditis". JAMA Dermatol. 150 (5): 494–500. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.8727. PMID 24500311.