Fat embolism syndrome historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]
Overview
In 1861, Zenker first discovered fat embolism (FES), after he found pulmonary capillary fat deposition in a patient who suffered from crush injury. In 1873, Bergmann described the first clinical case of FES in a patient who suffered a distal femur fracture. In 1875, Czerny explored cerebral symptoms associated with FES.
Historical Perspective
The historical perspective of fat embolism syndrome is as follows:[1][2][3]
Discovery
- In 1861, Zenker first discovered fat embolism (FES), after he found pulmonary capillary fat deposition in a patient who suffered from crush injury.
- In 1873, Bergmann described the first clinical case of FES in a patient who suffered a distal femur fracture.
- In 1875, Czerny explored cerebral symptoms associated with FES.[4][5]
- In 1924, Gauss proposed the mechanical theory, which explains that three conditions are necessary for the development of fat embolism: injury to adipose tissue, rupture of veins within the zone of injury, and a mechanism that causes the passage of free fat into the open ends of blood vessel.[6][7]
- In 1927, Lehman established biochemical theory which states that plasma mediators mobilize fat from body stores and cause the agglutination of bigger fat droplets and hence initiate an inflammatory process.
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- In1939, Kuntscher was the first to describe the association between increased intramedullary pressure due to intramedullary nailing and fat emboli.[8][9]
References
- ↑ Allardyce DB, Meek RN, Woodruff B, Cassim MM, Ellis D (1974). "Increasing our knowledge of the pathogenesis of fat embolism: a prospective study of 43 patients with fractured femoral shafts". J Trauma. 14 (11): 955–62. PMID 4419160.
- ↑ Akoh CC, Schick C, Otero J, Karam M (2014). "Fat embolism syndrome after femur fracture fixation: a case report". Iowa Orthop J. 34: 55–62. PMC 4127739. PMID 25328460.
- ↑ Kosova, E.; Bergmark, B.; Piazza, G. (2015). "Fat Embolism Syndrome". Circulation. 131 (3): 317–320. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010835. ISSN 0009-7322.
- ↑ Levy D (1990). "The fat embolism syndrome. A review". Clin Orthop Relat Res (261): 281–6. PMID 2245559.
- ↑ . doi:10.1007/978-0-387-. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Johnson MJ, Lucas GL (1996). "Fat embolism syndrome". Orthopedics. 19 (1): 41–8, discussion 48-9. PMID 8771112.
- ↑ Akhtar S (2009). "Fat embolism". Anesthesiol Clin. 27 (3): 533–50, table of contents. doi:10.1016/j.anclin.2009.07.018. PMID 19825491.
- ↑ Vécsei V, Hajdu S, Negrin LL (2011). "Intramedullary nailing in fracture treatment: history, science and Küntscher's revolutionary influence in Vienna, Austria". Injury. 42 Suppl 4: S1–5. doi:10.1016/S0020-1383(11)00419-0. PMID 21939796.
- ↑ Lesić A, Bumbasirević M, Milosević I, Zagorac S (2007). "[Gerhard Küntscher and intramedullary fixation]". Srp Arh Celok Lek. 135 (9–10): 594–9. PMID 18088049.