Graves' disease risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of Graves' disease is genetic susceptibility. Other risk factors include infections, stress and smoking.
Risk Factors
This table summarizes the risk factors for Graves' disease.
| Risk Factors | Graves' disease |
|---|---|
| Genetic susceptibility |
|
| Infection | There are some possible infection that may predispose patient to Graves' disease |
| Stress | Some psychotic stress disorders are more common among Graves' patients.[4][5] |
| Smoking | It is associated with Graves' disease and Graves' ophthalmopathy.[6] |
References
- ↑ Tomer Y, Davies TF (2003). "Searching for the autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility genes: from gene mapping to gene function". Endocr. Rev. 24 (5): 694–717. doi:10.1210/er.2002-0030. PMID 14570752.
- ↑ Tomer Y, Ban Y, Concepcion E, Barbesino G, Villanueva R, Greenberg DA, Davies TF (2003). "Common and unique susceptibility loci in Graves and Hashimoto diseases: results of whole-genome screening in a data set of 102 multiplex families". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 73 (4): 736–47. doi:10.1086/378588. PMC 1180598. PMID 12973666.
- ↑ Menconi F, Hasham A, Tomer Y (2011). "Environmental triggers of thyroiditis: hepatitis C and interferon-α". J. Endocrinol. Invest. 34 (1): 78–84. doi:10.1007/BF03346699. PMID 21297381.
- ↑ Matos-Santos A, Nobre EL, Costa JG, Nogueira PJ, Macedo A, Galvão-Teles A, de Castro JJ (2001). "Relationship between the number and impact of stressful life events and the onset of Graves' disease and toxic nodular goitre". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 55 (1): 15–9. PMID 11453947.
- ↑ Sonino N, Girelli ME, Boscaro M, Fallo F, Busnardo B, Fava GA (1993). "Life events in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. A controlled study". Acta Endocrinol. 128 (4): 293–6. PMID 8498147.
- ↑ Bartalena L, Tanda ML (2009). "Clinical practice. Graves' ophthalmopathy". N. Engl. J. Med. 360 (10): 994–1001. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0806317. PMID 19264688.