Hiatus hernia epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Hiatus hernias affect around 1 to 20% of the population. Out of this 9 % are symptomatic, depending on the ability of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Approximately 95% of these categorize under "sliding" hiatus hernias, in which the lower esophageal sphincter protrudes above the diaphragm along with the stomach, and only 5% is the "rolling" type (paraesophageal), in which the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) remains stationary but the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm. A hiatus hernia is more common in older people.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

• It is estimated that greater than 95 percent of hiatus hernias are type I (sliding) hiatus hernia.
• Approximately 5 percent of the hiatus hernias are with type II, III, and IV (paraesophageal) hernias.

Mortality rate

• The mortality rate of elective paraesophageal hernia repair is approximately 1.4 percent.

Age

• Hiatus hernias commonly affects individuals older than 50 years of age.

Race

• There is no racial predilection to hiatus hernia.

Gender

• Women are more commonly affected by Hiatus hernias than men.