Hypertensive nephropathy epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, MD-MPH [3]
Overview
The incident counts and adjusted rates for hypertensive renal disease has been increasing gradually over the past three decades. 25,000 new cases of chronic renal failure attributable to high blood pressure, are diagnosed every year in the US. It has also contributed significantly to the increase in the number of patients undergoing dialysis from renal insufficiency.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- More than 20% of patients with systemic hypertension have chronic renal insufficiency.
- The prevalence of hypertensive nephropathy among those with hypertension is 24.6%.
- According to USRDS annual data report"USRDS"., the overall prevalence of CKD among patients aged greater than 65 years in 2017 was 14.5% (186,997 from 1,291,640), however in the hypertensive population aged 65+ years was 16.3%.
- Incidence of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and transplantation among CKD due to hypertension in the US population was reported 35,843 from 124,369 in 2017. Whereas, the prevalence of these therapeutic modalities was 192,907 from 743,624.
Age
- Hypertensive renal disease has a higher prevalence in those aged 65 years and older.
- The prevalence of CKD due to hypertension increased with age from 11.7% at ages 65–74 to 25.5% at age≥ 85.
Race
- The prevalence of hypertensive nephropathy is higher in African Americans.