Hypertensive nephropathy laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, MD-MPH [2]

overview

An elevated level of urinary albumin is a helpful diagnostic test for hypertensive nephropathy.

Laboratory Findings

• Blood tests
  • High levels of creatinine, BUN
  • Anemia: low Hb and hematocrit
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Elevated serum levels of β2-microglobulin and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) have been recently found to predict the hypertensive nephropathy.
• Urinary analysis
  • High protein levels
    • May range from microalbuminuria (< 300 mg/ dl) to overt proteinuria (> 300 mg/ dl)
    • Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio may be increased.
  • microscopic haematuria
  • Presence of podocyte proteins in the urine precede proteinuria, so it can be used as an early investigation. But, laboratory test for detecting podocytuia is not widely available.
  • Increased mRNA levels of podocin and nephrin in the urine is another early diagnostic test, which shows glomerular damage and developing hypertensive nephropathy.