Loefflers syndrome epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]

Overview

Löffler syndrome is due to intestinal helminth infections with a pulmonary cycle which is distributed worldwide; nonetheless, parasitic infections such as Ancylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ascaris suum, Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis are more prevalent in tropical areas particularly in communities with low socioeconomic status and poor sanitary conditions. In the United States, 20-67% of children in rural southern communities have been reported to suffer from ascariasis; Nevertheless, there are no specific statistics for the occurrence of Löffler syndrome. Globalization increased immigration, and travel warrants alertness of US physicians and the other health care works of developed countries, because an encounter with imported tropical diseases and thus the resulted Löffler syndrome could be more likely nowadays. The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of Löffler syndrome is literally zero. There has been no report of deaths due to Löffler syndrome. Löffler syndrome is a self-limiting, benign condition without significant morbidity. Symptoms usually subside within 3-4 weeks.

Epidemiology and Demographics

The epidemiological aspect of Löffler's syndrome isn't well known since there have been minimal statistics reported on the topic.

Incidence

• The incidence of Löffler syndrome is not well studied, neither worldwide nor in the US.

Prevalence

• The prevalence of Löffler syndrome is not well studied, neither worldwide nor in the US.
• In the United States, 20-67% of children in rural southern communities have been reported to suffer from ascariasis; Nevertheless, there are no specific statistics for the occurrence of Löffler syndrome.

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

• The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of Löffler syndrome is literally zero.
• There has been no report of deaths due to Löffler syndrome.
• Löffler syndrome is a self-limiting, benign condition without significant morbidity.
• Symptoms usually subside within 3-4 weeks.

Age

• Patients of all age groups may develop Löffler syndrome.
• Nevertheless, Löffler syndrome more commonly affects young children.
• A higher incidence of intestinal helminthiases and hence, Löffler syndrome has been reported in young children because they are more exposed to contaminated soil and because young children exhibit hand-to-mouth behavior more often than adults

Race

• Löffler syndrome usually affects Indians, nevertheless, it has not been well studied whether it is because of the tropical climate, poor sanitary condition or there is a genetic tendency which is very unlikely.

Gender

• Löffler syndrome affects men and women equally.

Region

• The majority of Löffler syndrome cases are reported in tropical areas with poor sanitation. Particularly India.

Developed Countries

• In the United States, 20-67% of children in rural southern communities have been reported to suffer from ascariasis;
• Nevertheless, there are no specific statistics for the occurrence of Löffler syndrome.
• Globalization increased immigration, and travel warrants alertness of US physicians and the other health care works of developed countries, because an encounter with imported tropical diseases and thus the resulted Löffler syndrome could be more likely nowadays.

Developing Countries

• Löffler syndrome is due to intestinal helminth infections with a pulmonary cycle which is distributed worldwide;
• Nonetheless, parasitic infections such as Ancylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ascaris suum, Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis are more prevalent in tropical areas particularly in communities with low socioeconomic status and poor sanitary conditions.