Loefflers syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]
Overview
Löffler syndrome generally presents as a mild syndrome which spontaneously resolves after 2-4 weeks. The symptoms of Löffler syndrome usually develop 10-16 days after ingestion of Ascaris eggs, or N americanus, A duodenale, S stercoralis infection, and start with common symptoms such as fever, malaise, cough, wheezing, and dyspnea. Cough is the most common symptom, which is generally dry and nonproductive but might be productive or even present with small amounts of blood-tinged mucoid sputum. A less common presentation is accompanied by myalgia, anorexia, and urticaria. In order to identify risk factors for exposure to parasites, immigration status, socioeconomic status, hygiene, sanitation, as well as travel history should be carefully elicited. Prognosis is generally excellent, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with Loffler syndrome is approximately 100%. The case-fatality rate of Löffler syndrome is literally zero. There has been no report of deaths due to Löffler syndrome. Löffler syndrome is a self-limiting, benign condition without significant morbidity. Symptoms usually subside within 3-4 weeks.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- Löffler syndrome generally presents as a mild syndrome which spontaneously resolves after 2-4 weeks.[1]
- The symptoms of Löffler syndrome usually develop 10-16 days after ingestion of Ascaris eggs, or N americanus, A duodenale, S stercoralis infection, and start with common symptoms such as fever, malaise, cough, wheezing, and dyspnea.
- Cough is the most common symptom, which is generally dry and nonproductive but might be productive or even present with small amounts of blood-tinged mucoid sputum.[2]
- Less common presentation is accompanied by myalgia, anorexia, and urticaria.[3]
- In order to identify risk factors for exposure to parasites, immigration status, socioeconomic status, hygiene, sanitation, as well as travel history should be carefully elicited.
Complications
- Löffler syndrome is a self-limiting, benign condition without significant morbidity.
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally excellent, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with Loffler syndrome is approximately 100%. [4]
- The case-fatality rate of Löffler syndrome is literally zero.
- There has been no report of deaths due to Löffler syndrome.
- Löffler syndrome is a self-limiting, benign condition without significant morbidity.[5]
- Symptoms usually subside within 3-4 weeks.
References
- ↑ Ekin S, Sertogullarindan B, Gunbatar H, Arisoy A, Yildiz H (2016) Loeffler's syndrome: an interesting case report. Clin Respir J 10 (1):112-4. DOI:10.1111/crj.12173 PMID: 24931460
- ↑ (1968) Löffler's syndrome. Br Med J 3 (5618):569-70. PMID: 5667987
- ↑ Te Booij M, de Jong E, Bovenschen HJ (2010) Löffler syndrome caused by extensive cutaneous larva migrans: a case report and review of the literature. Dermatol Online J 16 (10):2. PMID: 21062596
- ↑ Chitkara RK, Krishna G (2006) Parasitic pulmonary eosinophilia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 27 (2):171-84. DOI:10.1055/s-2006-939520 PMID: 16612768
- ↑ HEIKEN CA, WIESE ER (1951) Löffler's syndrome; transient pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia. Am Rev Tuberc 63 (4):480-6. PMID: 14819567