Lymphangitis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2]Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[3]
Overview
The etiology varies depending on the clinical form of lymphangitis. The most common causes of acute lymphangitis include group A streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pasteurella multocida. The most common causes of chronic granulomatous lymphangitis include Sporotrichosis, Nocardia brasiliensis, Mycobacterium marinum, and Brugia spp.
Causes
The etiology varies depending on the clincal form of lymphangitis. Causes of lymphangitis include:[1][2][3][4][5][4][6][7][8][9][10]
Causes for lymphangitis due to infectious etiology are:
Common causes of Acute Lymphangitis
Common causes of Chronic Granulomatous Lymphangitis
Infectious causes
- Sporothrix schenckii
- Sporotrichosis
- Mycobacterium marinum
- Nocardia brasiliensis,
- Leishmania braziliensis
- Francisella tularensis
Causes of Filarial Lymphangitis
- Wuchereria bancrofti
- Brugia malayi
- Brugia timori
- Brugia pseudomallei
Less common causes of Acute Lymphangitis
Infectious causes
- Aeromonas hydrophila
- Herpes simplex virus
- Ricettsia sibirica monogolotimonae
- Lymphogranuloma venerum
- Erysipelothrix
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Bacillus anthracis
- Fusobacterium nucleatum
- Peptostreptococcus
- Prevotella
- Pseudomonas
- Rhodococcus equi
- Rickettsia africae
- Spirillum minus
Less common causes of Chronic Granulomatous Lymphangitis
Infectious causes
- Nocardia
- Nocardia asteroides
- Mycobacterium chelonae
- Leishmania guyanensis
- Leishmania major
- Leishmania mexicana
- Leishmania panamensis
- Leishmania tropica
- Leishmania
- Mycobacterium kansasii
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis[11][12]
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Coccidioides immitis
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Botryomycosis
- Streptococcus pyogenes
Causes for lymphangitis due to non-infectious etiology
- Lymphangitis carcinomatosa[5]
- Crohn's disease [13]
- Radiation
- Venom of Scolopendra [14]
- Sclerosing lymphangitis[15][16]
- Tuberculin skin test[17]
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Crohn's disease |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | Radiation |
| Infectious Disease | Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus anthracis, Blastomycosis, Botryomycosis, Brugia malayi, Brugia pseudomallei, Brugia timori, brugia, burkholderia pseudomallei, coccidioidomycosis, ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichiosis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Erysipelothrix, Francisella tularensis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Herpes simplex virus, Histoplasmosis, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania guyanensis, Leishmania major, Leishmania mexicana, Leishmania panamensis, Leishmania tropica, Leishmania, Leishmaniasis, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Nocardia, Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia brasiliensis, Pasteurella multocida, Peptostreptococcus, prevotella, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus equi, Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia sibirica mongolotimonae, Spirillum minus, Sporothrix schenckii, Sporotrichosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Wuchereria bancrofti |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Lymphangitis carcinomatosa |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Contact dermatitis, tuberculin |
| Sexual | Sclerosing lymphangitis |
| Trauma | Sclerosing lymphangitis |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | Venom of Scolopendra |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ lymphanitis "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on October 12,2016
- ↑ lymphanitis Mandell, GERALD L. "Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's." Principles and practice of infectious diseases 7 (1995) Accessed on October 12,2016
- ↑ Kostman JR, DiNubile MJ (1993). "Nodular lymphangitis: a distinctive but often unrecognized syndrome". Ann Intern Med. 118 (11): 883–8. PMID 8480962.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wenner KA, Kenner JR (2004). "Anthrax". Dermatol Clin. 22 (3): 247–56, v. doi:10.1016/j.det.2004.03.001. PMID 15207306.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bruce DM, Heys SD, Eremin O (1996). "Lymphangitis carcinomatosa: a literature review". J R Coll Surg Edinb. 41 (1): 7–13. PMID 8930034.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Sands M, Brown R (1988). "Herpes simplex lymphangitis. Two cases and a review of the literature". Arch Intern Med. 148 (9): 2066–7. PMID 3046547.
- ↑ Lázaro MJ, López PM, Vall-Mayans M, Fernández BL, Rodríguez-Guardado A (2013). "A case of late-stage lymphogranuloma venereum in a woman in Europe". Sex Transm Dis. 40 (10): 792–3. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000014. PMID 24275729.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 de Sousa R, Duque L, Anes M, Poças J, Torgal J, Bacellar F; et al. (2008). "Lymphangitis in a Portuguese patient infected with Rickettsia sibirica". Emerg Infect Dis. 14 (3): 529–30. doi:10.3201/eid1403.070680. PMC 2570837. PMID 18325289.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Van Kruiningen HJ, Colombel JF (2008). "The forgotten role of lymphangitis in Crohn's disease". Gut. 57 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1136/gut.2007.123166. PMID 18094195.
- ↑ Ergen ŞA, Tiken EE, Öksüz DÇ, Dinçbaş FÖ, Dervişoğlu S, Mandel NM; et al. (2016). "The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Primary or Recurrent Desmoid Tumors and Long-Term Results". Balkan Med J. 33 (3): 316–21. doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.140560. PMC 4898991. PMID 27308076.
- ↑ Marshall JB (1993). "Tuberculosis of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneum". Am J Gastroenterol. 88 (7): 989–99. PMID 8317433.
- ↑ Horvath KD, Whelan RL (1998). "Intestinal tuberculosis: return of an old disease". Am J Gastroenterol. 93 (5): 692–6. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.207_a.x. PMID 9625110.
- ↑ Van Kruiningen HJ, Hayes AW, Colombel JF (2014). "Granulomas obstruct lymphatics in all layers of the intestine in Crohn's disease". APMIS. 122 (11): 1125–9. doi:10.1111/apm.12268. PMID 24730532.
- ↑ Fenderson JL (2014). "Centipede envenomation: bringing the pain to Hawai'i and Pacific Islands". Hawaii J Med Public Health. 73 (11 Suppl 2): 41–3. PMC 4244901. PMID 25478303.
- ↑ Murphy MJ, Kogan B, Carlson JA (2001). "Granulomatous lymphangitis of the scrotum and penis. Report of a case and review of the literature of genital swelling with sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation". J Cutan Pathol. 28 (8): 419–24. PMID 11493380.
- ↑ Rosen T, Hwong H (2003). "Sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis". J Am Acad Dermatol. 49 (5): 916–8. doi:10.1067/S0190. PMID 14576679.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Morrison JB (1984). "Lymphangitis after tuberculin tests". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 289 (6442): 413. PMC 1442414. PMID 6432121.
- ↑ Akogun OB, Akogun MK, Apake E, Kale OO (2011). "Rapid community identification, pain and distress associated with lymphoedema and adenolymphangitis due to lymphatic filariasis in resource-limited communities of North-eastern Nigeria". Acta Trop. 120 Suppl 1: S62–8. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.03.008. PMID 21470556.