Milk-alkali syndrome electrocardiogram
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]
Overview
Milk-alkali syndrome causes hypercalcemia and hypercalcemia may cause the following findings on electrocardiogram (ECG): shortened QT interval (the most common finding), shortened ST segment, PR prolongation, increased amplitude of QRS complex, decreased amplitude of T wave, T wave notching, transient ST segment elevation, bradycardia, sinus arrest, and ventricular arrhythmias.
Electrocardiogram
Milk-alkali syndrome causes hypercalcemia and hypercalcemia may cause the following findings on electrocardiogram (ECG):[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- Shortened QT interval (the most common finding)
- Shortened ST segment
- PR prolongation
- Increased amplitude of QRS complex
- Decreased amplitude of T wave
- T wave notching
- Elevation of J point
- Transient ST segment elevation
- Osborn wave
- Bradycardia, sinus arrest, and premature ectopic beats
- Ventricular arrhythmias
- ECG findings in severe hypercalcemia may mimic myocardial infarction.
References
- ↑ Wesson LC, Suresh V, Parry RG (2009). "Severe hypercalcaemia mimicking acute myocardial infarction". Clin Med (Lond). 9 (2): 186–7. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.9-2-186. PMC 4952678. PMID 19435131.
- ↑ Ahmed R, Hashiba K (1988). "Reliability of QT intervals as indicators of clinical hypercalcemia". Clin Cardiol. 11 (6): 395–400. doi:10.1002/clc.4960110607. PMID 2899466.
- ↑ Schutt RC, Bibawy J, Elnemr M, Lehnert AL, Putney D, Thomas AS; et al. (2014). "Case report: Severe hypercalcemia mimicking ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction". Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 10 (3): 193–7. doi:10.14797/mdcj-10-3-193. PMC 4280246. PMID 25574349.
- ↑ Otero J, Lenihan DJ (2000). "The "normothermic" Osborn wave induced by severe hypercalcemia". Tex Heart Inst J. 27 (3): 316–7. PMC 101092. PMID 11093425.
- ↑ Kiewiet RM, Ponssen HH, Janssens EN, Fels PW (2004). "Ventricular fibrillation in hypercalcaemic crisis due to primary hyperparathyroidism". Neth J Med. 62 (3): 94–6. PMID 15209475.
- ↑ Kelwade JV, Modi KD, Kumar N, Parekh H (2016). "Hypercalcemia and electrocardiogram changes". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 20 (6): 892–893. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.192900. PMC 5105587. PMID 27867906.