Nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) also known as receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRIP1gene.[1][2]
Nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) is a nuclear protein that specifically interacts with the hormone-dependent activation domain AF2 of nuclear receptors. Also known as RIP140, this protein is a key regulator which modulates transcriptional activity of a variety of transcription factors, including the estrogen receptor.[3]
RIP140 has an important role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism,[4] and regulates gene expression in metabolic tissues including heart,[5] skeletal muscle,[6] and liver.[7] A major role for RIP140 in adipose tissue is to block the expression of genes involved in energy dissipation and mitochondrial uncoupling, including uncoupling protein 1 and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b.[8]
Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRa) can activate RIP140 during adipogenesis, by means of directly binding to an estrogen receptor element/ERR element and indirectly through Sp1 binding to the proximal promoter.[9]
RIP140 suppresses the expression of mitochondrial proteins succinate dehydrogenase complex b and CoxVb and acts as a negative regulator of glucose uptake in mice.[10]
Knockout studies
Knockout mice that completely lack the RIP140 molecule are lean and stay lean, even on a rich diet.[11]
Knockout mice (females) are also infertile because they fail to ovulate.[12] Failure of ovulation in these mice is caused by lack of cumulus expansion and altered expression of various genes, including amphiregulin, in ovarian follicles.[13][14]
Clinical significance
RIP140 is part of the chain by which tumors can cause cachexia.[15][16]
Levels of RIP140 expression in various tissues varies during aging in mice, suggesting changes in metabolic function.[17] RIP140 is implicated in certain human disease processes. In morbid obesity, RIP140 levels are down-regulated in visceral adipose tissue.[18] In breast cancer, RIP140 is involved in regulation of E2F1, an oncogene which discriminates between luminal and basal types of tumours. RIP140 has an influence upon cancer phenotype and prognosis.[19] In addition, RIP140 has a role in inflammation, since it acts as a coactivator for NFkappaB/RelA-dependent cytokine gene expression. Lack of RIP140 leads to an inhibition of proinflammatory pathways in macrophages.[20]
↑Katsanis N, Ives JH, Groet J, Nizetic D, Fisher EM (Apr 1998). "Localisation of receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) within 100 kb of D21S13 on 21q11, a gene-poor region of the human genome". Hum Genet. 102 (2): 221–3. doi:10.1007/s004390050682. PMID9521594.
↑Nichol D, Christian M, Steel JH, White R, Parker MG (Oct 2006). "RIP140 expression is stimulated by estrogen-related receptor alpha during adipogenesis". J Biol Chem. 281 (43): 32140–32147. doi:10.1074/jbc.M604803200. PMID16923809.
↑White R, Leonardsson G, Rosewell I, Ann Jacobs M, Milligan S, Parker M (Dec 2000). "The nuclear receptor co-repressor nrip1 (RIP140) is essential for female fertility". Nat. Med. 6 (12): 1368–74. doi:10.1038/82183. PMID11100122.
↑Tullet JM, Pocock V, Steel JH, White R, Milligan S, Parker MG (2005). "Multiple Signaling Defects in the Absence of RIP140 Impair Both Cumulus Expansion and Follicle Rupture". Endocrinology. 146 (9): 4127–4137. doi:10.1210/EN.2005-0348. PMID15919748.
↑Diaz MB, Krones-Herzig A, Metzger D, Ziegler A, Vegiopoulos A, Klingenspor M, Müller-Decker K, Herzig S (April 2008). "Nuclear receptor cofactor receptor interacting protein 140 controls hepatic triglyceride metabolism during wasting in mice". Hepatology. 48 (3): 782–791. doi:10.1002/hep.22383. PMID18712775.
↑Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Lizanzu A, Rodríguez A, Silva C, Rotellar F, Gil MJ, Cienfuegos JA, Salvador J, Frühbeck G (2009). "RIP140 gene and protein expression levels are downregulated in visceral adipose tissue in human morbid obesity". Obse Surg. 19 (6): 771–776. doi:10.1007/s11695-009-9834-6. PMID19367438.
↑Zschiedrich I, Hardeland U, Krones-Herzig A, Berriel DM, Vegiopoulos A, Müggenburg J, Sombroek D, Hofmann TG, Zawatzky R, Yu X, Gretz N, Christian M, White R, Parker MG, Herzig S (2008). "Coactivator function of RIP140 for NFkappaB/RelA-dependent cytokine gene expression". Blood. 112 (2): 264–276. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-11-121699. PMID18469200.
↑Kumar MB, Tarpey RW, Perdew GH (Aug 1999). "Differential recruitment of coactivator RIP140 by Ah and estrogen receptors. Absence of a role for LXXLL motifs". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (32): 22155–64. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.32.22155. PMID10428779.
↑Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (October 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID16189514.
↑ 25.025.1Sugawara T, Abe S, Sakuragi N, Fujimoto Y, Nomura E, Fujieda K, Saito M, Fujimoto S (August 2001). "RIP 140 modulates transcription of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene through interactions with both SF-1 and DAX-1". Endocrinology. 142 (8): 3570–7. doi:10.1210/en.142.8.3570. PMID11459805.
↑Hu X; Chen Yixin; Farooqui Mariya; Thomas Mary C; Chiang Cheng-Ming; Wei Li-Na (Jan 2004). "Suppressive effect of receptor-interacting protein 140 on coregulator binding to retinoic acid receptor complexes, histone-modifying enzyme activity, and gene activation". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (1): 319–25. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307621200. PMID14581481.
↑ 27.027.1Farooqui M; Franco Peter J; Thompson Jim; Kagechika Hiroyuki; Chandraratna Roshantha A S; Banaszak Len; Wei Li-Na (Feb 2003). "Effects of retinoid ligands on RIP140: molecular interaction with retinoid receptors and biological activity". Biochemistry. 42 (4): 971–9. doi:10.1021/bi020497k. PMID12549917.
↑Thénot S, Henriquet C, Rochefort H, Cavaillès V (May 1997). "Differential interaction of nuclear receptors with the putative human transcriptional coactivator hTIF1". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (18): 12062–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.18.12062. PMID9115274.
↑ 30.030.1Zilliacus J, Holter E, Wakui H, Tazawa H, Treuter E, Gustafsson JA (Apr 2001). "Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor activity by 14--3-3-dependent intracellular relocalization of the corepressor RIP140". Mol. Endocrinol. 15 (4): 501–11. doi:10.1210/mend.15.4.0624. PMID11266503.
↑Subramaniam N, Treuter E, Okret S (Jun 1999). "Receptor interacting protein RIP140 inhibits both positive and negative gene regulation by glucocorticoids". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (25): 18121–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.18121. PMID10364267.
↑Mellgren G; Børud Bente; Hoang Tuyen; Yri Olav Erich; Fladeby Cathrine; Lien Ernst Asbjørn; Lund Johan (May 2003). "Characterization of receptor-interacting protein RIP140 in the regulation of SF-1 responsive target genes". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 203 (1–2): 91–103. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(03)00097-2. PMID12782406.
Further reading
Detlav IE (1976). "[Anti-brain antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid following cranio-cerebral trauma]". Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952). 76 (3): 344–8. PMID1266503.
Yan ZH, Karam WG, Staudinger JL, et al. (1998). "Regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-induced transactivation by the nuclear orphan receptor TAK1/TR4". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (18): 10948–57. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.18.10948. PMID9556573.
Treuter E, Albrektsen T, Johansson L, et al. (1998). "A regulatory role for RIP140 in nuclear receptor activation". Mol. Endocrinol. 12 (6): 864–81. doi:10.1210/mend.12.6.0123. PMID9626662.
Eng FC, Barsalou A, Akutsu N, et al. (1998). "Different classes of coactivators recognize distinct but overlapping binding sites on the estrogen receptor ligand binding domain". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (43): 28371–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.43.28371. PMID9774463.
Miyata KS, McCaw SE, Meertens LM, et al. (1999). "Receptor-interacting protein 140 interacts with and inhibits transactivation by, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and liver-X-receptor alpha". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 146 (1–2): 69–76. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(98)00196-8. PMID10022764.
Subramaniam N, Treuter E, Okret S (1999). "Receptor interacting protein RIP140 inhibits both positive and negative gene regulation by glucocorticoids". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (25): 18121–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.18121. PMID10364267.
Wiebel FF, Steffensen KR, Treuter E, et al. (1999). "Ligand-independent coregulator recruitment by the triply activatable OR1/retinoid X receptor-alpha nuclear receptor heterodimer". Mol. Endocrinol. 13 (7): 1105–18. doi:10.1210/me.13.7.1105. PMID10406462.
Kumar MB, Tarpey RW, Perdew GH (1999). "Differential recruitment of coactivator RIP140 by Ah and estrogen receptors. Absence of a role for LXXLL motifs". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (32): 22155–64. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.32.22155. PMID10428779.
Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Taylor TD, et al. (2000). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21". Nature. 405 (6784): 311–9. doi:10.1038/35012518. PMID10830953.
Wei LN, Hu X, Chandra D, et al. (2001). "Receptor-interacting protein 140 directly recruits histone deacetylases for gene silencing". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (52): 40782–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004821200. PMID11006275.
Zilliacus J, Holter E, Wakui H, et al. (2001). "Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor activity by 14--3-3-dependent intracellular relocalization of the corepressor RIP140". Mol. Endocrinol. 15 (4): 501–11. doi:10.1210/mend.15.4.0624. PMID11266503.
Zennaro MC, Souque A, Viengchareun S, et al. (2002). "A new human MR splice variant is a ligand-independent transactivator modulating corticosteroid action". Mol. Endocrinol. 15 (9): 1586–98. doi:10.1210/mend.15.9.0689. PMID11518808.
Chen Y, Kerimo A, Khan S, Wei LN (2003). "Real-time analysis of molecular interaction of retinoid receptors and receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140)". Mol. Endocrinol. 16 (11): 2528–37. doi:10.1210/me.2002-0124. PMID12403842.