Nodular thyroid disease risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Risk Factors

• Risk factors for malignancy include:

  • Age <20 or > 60 years
  • Male gender (2:1)
  • History of neck irradiation
  • A family history of medullary or papillary thyroid cancer or familial polyposis also increases the likelihood of malignancy. Additionally, a hypofunctioning nodule in the presence of a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland (i.e. in Grave’s disease) is also worrisome.