Renal amyloidosis (patient information)
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Renal amyloidosis Microchapters |
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Template:Renal amyloidosis On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Renal amyloidosis (patient information) |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Renal amyloidosis (patient information) |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The hallmark symptoms of renal amyloidosis is proteinuria and hematuria. Other symptoms include edema, numbness or tingling in hands or feet. Common symptoms of renal amyloidosis include swelling of ankles and legs, severe fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, diarrhea with blood, constipation, unintentional and significant weight loss. The exact cause of renal amyloidiosis has not been identified. Most commonly causes of majority of the cases in renal amyloidosis idiopathic. Other causes include amyloidosis secondary to diseases such as tuberculosis, familial Mediterranean fever, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma or amyloidic mutations of transthyretin and fibrinogen protein. Common risk factors in the development of renal amyloidosis include genetic mutations such as heterozygous mutations in the genes for lysozyme, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein AII, or fibrinogen A alpha-chain. Renal biopsy is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of renal amyloidosis. There are no established measures for the primary prevention of renal amyloidosis.
What are the Symptoms of renal amyloidosis?
Following are the causes of renal amyloidosis:
Common Symptoms
Common symptoms of renal amyloidosis include:
- Swelling of ankles and legs
- Severe fatigue
- Weakness
- Shortness of breath
- Diarrhea with blood
- Constipation
- Unintentional, significant weight loss
Less Common Symptoms
Less common symptoms of [disease name] include
- Numbness or tingling in hands or feet (carpal tunnel syndrome)
What Causes renal amyloidosis?
Following are the causes of renal amyloidosis:
Common Causes
In renal amyloidosis, most common causes include:
- Idiopathic ( Primary (AL) amyloidosis )
- Amyloidosis secondary to:
Less Common Causes
In renal amyloidosis, less common causes include:
- .Hereditary amyloidosis due to amyloidogenic mutations:
Who is at Highest Risk?
The most potent risk factor in the development of renal amyloidosis are genetic mutations which include:
- SAA1 gene mutaions
- Point mutations in the apoAI gene
- Point mutations in the apoAII gene
- Heterozygous mutations in the genes for lysozyme, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein AII,, or fibrinogen A alpha-chain
Diagnosis
Renal biopsy is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of renal amyloidosis
When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?
Call your health care provider if you develop symptoms of renal amyloidosis.
Treatment Options
The cause of autoimmune disease is not clear, there is no way to prevent renal amyloidosis. However, some pharmacologic medical therapies for renal amyloidosis include:
- Colchicine
- Azathioprine
- Dimethylsulfoxide
- Chlorambucil
- Methotrexate
- Cyclophosphamide
- TNF-alpha antagonists (ie, etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab)
- Proline for clearing amyloid
Where to find Medical Care for renal amyloidosis?
Medical care for renal amyloidosis can be found here.
Prevention
There are no established measures for the primary prevention of renal amyloidosis
What to Expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
After a few years, renal amyloidosis eventually leads to end stage renal disease. Disease progression is worsened in presence of certain factors such as:
- Steroid administration
- Renal vein thrombosis
- Infections
- Surgery
Possible Complications
Common complications of renal amyloidosis include:
- ESRD
- Systemic organ involvement
Sources
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/amyloidosis