PI9 belongs to the large superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), which bind to and inactivate serine proteinases. These interactions are involved in many cellular processes, including coagulation, fibrinolysis, complement fixation, matrix remodeling, and apoptosis (Sprecher et al., 1995).[supplied by OMIM][3]
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↑Sun J, Stephens R, Mirza G, Kanai H, Ragoussis J, Bird PI (Feb 1999). "A serpin gene cluster on human chromosome 6p25 contains PI6, PI9 and ELANH2 which have a common structure almost identical to the 18q21 ovalbumin serpin genes". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 82 (3–4): 273–7. doi:10.1159/000015118. PMID9858835.
Sun J, Bird CH, Sutton V, et al. (1996). "A cytosolic granzyme B inhibitor related to the viral apoptotic regulator cytokine response modifier A is present in cytotoxic lymphocytes". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (44): 27802–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.44.27802. PMID8910377.
Kanamori H, Krieg S, Mao C, et al. (2000). "Proteinase inhibitor 9, an inhibitor of granzyme B-mediated apoptosis, is a primary estrogen-inducible gene in human liver cells". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (8): 5867–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.8.5867. PMID10681578.
Bladergroen BA, Strik MC, Bovenschen N, et al. (2001). "The granzyme B inhibitor, protease inhibitor 9, is mainly expressed by dendritic cells and at immune-privileged sites". J. Immunol. 166 (5): 3218–25. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.5.3218. PMID11207275.
Buzza MS, Hirst CE, Bird CH, et al. (2001). "The granzyme B inhibitor, PI-9, is present in endothelial and mesothelial cells, suggesting that it protects bystander cells during immune responses". Cell. Immunol. 210 (1): 21–9. doi:10.1006/cimm.2001.1806. PMID11485349.
Hirst CE, Buzza MS, Sutton VR, et al. (2002). "Perforin-independent expression of granzyme B and proteinase inhibitor 9 in human testis and placenta suggests a role for granzyme B-mediated proteolysis in reproduction". Mol. Hum. Reprod. 7 (12): 1133–42. doi:10.1093/molehr/7.12.1133. PMID11719590.
Tanaka K, Harashima N, Niiya F, et al. (2002). "Serine proteinase inhibitor 9 can be recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes of epithelial cancer patients". Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 93 (2): 198–208. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01259.x. PMID11856484.
ten Berge RL, Meijer CJ, Dukers DF, et al. (2002). "Expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins predict clinical outcome in anaplastic large cell lymphoma". Blood. 99 (12): 4540–6. doi:10.1182/blood.V99.12.4540. PMID12036886.
Hirst CE, Buzza MS, Bird CH, et al. (2003). "The intracellular granzyme B inhibitor, proteinase inhibitor 9, is up-regulated during accessory cell maturation and effector cell degranulation, and its overexpression enhances CTL potency". J. Immunol. 170 (2): 805–15. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.2.805. PMID12517944.
Rowshani AT, Florquin S, Bemelman F, et al. (2005). "Hyperexpression of the granzyme B inhibitor PI-9 in human renal allografts: a potential mechanism for stable renal function in patients with subclinical rejection". Kidney Int. 66 (4): 1417–22. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00903.x. PMID15458434.
Mahrus S, Kisiel W, Craik CS (2005). "Granzyme M is a regulatory protease that inactivates proteinase inhibitor 9, an endogenous inhibitor of granzyme B". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (52): 54275–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M411482200. PMID15494398.
Classen CF, Ushmorov A, Bird P, Debatin KM (2006). "The granzyme B inhibitor PI-9 is differentially expressed in all main subtypes of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemias". Haematologica. 89 (11): 1314–21. PMID15531453.
Bruneel A, Labas V, Mailloux A, et al. (2006). "Proteomics of human umbilical vein endothelial cells applied to etoposide-induced apoptosis". Proteomics. 5 (15): 3876–84. doi:10.1002/pmic.200401239. PMID16130169.
van Houdt IS, Oudejans JJ, van den Eertwegh AJ, et al. (2005). "Expression of the apoptosis inhibitor protease inhibitor 9 predicts clinical outcome in vaccinated patients with stage III and IV melanoma". Clin. Cancer Res. 11 (17): 6400–7. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0306. PMID16144945.
Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, et al. (2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029. PMID16169070.
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID16189514.
External links
The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: I04.014
