Scrotal mass staging
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]
Overview
According to the TNM classification and stage groupings, there are 3 stages of testicular cancer based on the size and extent of the primary tumor, number and location of any regional lymph nodes (abdominal retroperitoneal) infiltrated by tumor cells, distant metastasis, and serum tumor marker levels.[1]
Staging
The staging for testicular cancer is performed according to the TNM system with staging groupings. It can be remembered in its abbreviated form as:[2]
- Stage I: confined to testis, epididymis, spermatic cord, scrotum
- Stage II: lymph nodes involved but no distant metastases, and serum tumor markers are not very high
- Stage III: distant metastases or moderately high serum tumor markers
References
- ↑ Staging testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/staging/?region=on. Accessed on February 29, 2016
- ↑ Testicular cancer staging. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-cancer-staging. Accessed on February 26, 2016