Sinoatrial arrest causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Sinoatrial arrest}} | {{Sinoatrial arrest}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{M.P}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Sinus arrest is fairly uncommon. It can be observed in the setting of myocardial disease ([[myocarditis]]) and [[ischemia]] or [[infarction]] (particularly acute inferior or posterior [[ST segment elevation MI]]). It can be a manifestation of [[digitalis]] or [[lidocaine]] toxicity. | Sinus arrest is fairly uncommon. It can be observed in the setting of myocardial disease ([[myocarditis]]) and [[ischemia]] or [[infarction]] (particularly acute inferior or posterior [[ST segment elevation MI]]). It can be a manifestation of [[digitalis]] or [[lidocaine]] toxicity. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | |||
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. | |||
*[[Acute coronary syndrome]] | |||
*[[Acute renal failure]] | |||
*[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]] | |||
*[[Lateral medullary syndrome]] | |||
*[[Myocardial rupture]] | |||
*[[NSTEMI]] | |||
*[[organophosphate|Organophosphate poisoning]] | |||
*[[parathion|Parathion poisoning]] | |||
*[[spider bite#spider venom|Poisonous spider bites]] | |||
*[[Septic shock]] | |||
*[[brain damage|Severe brain injury]] | |||
*[[STEMI]] | |||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
*[[Acetylcholine]] | *[[Acetylcholine]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Acute coronary syndrome]] | ||
*[[Amiodarone]] | |||
*[[Beta blockers]] | |||
*[[Calcium channel blockers]] | |||
*[[Digoxin]] | |||
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]] | |||
*[[Hyperkalemia]] | *[[Hyperkalemia]] | ||
*[[Hypermagnesemia]] | |||
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] | |||
*[[Myocarditis]] | *[[Myocarditis]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Pericarditis]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Sick sinus syndrome]] | ||
* [[ | *[[sinus node disease|Sinus node fibrosis]] | ||
*[[STEMI]] | |||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | ||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular''' | |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular''' | ||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ | |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute coronary syndrome]], [[acute rheumatic fever]], [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[Brugada syndrome]], [[cardiac tumor#heart in lymphomas|cardiac lymphoma]], [[cardiac tumor]], [[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity|cardio inhibitory syncope]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[reperfusion injury|coronary reperfusion therapy]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[hypertensive heart disease]], [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], [[ischemic heart disease]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[long QT syndrome]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[myocardial rupture]], [[myocarditis]], [[NSTEMI]], [[pericarditis]], [[Romano-Ward syndrome]], [[sick sinus syndrome]], [[sinus bradycardia]], [[sinus node disease|sinus node fibrosis]], [[STEMI]], [[tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome]], [[Timothy syndrome]], [[valvular heart disease]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Chemical / poisoning''' | | '''Chemical / poisoning''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Berberine]], [[grayanotoxin]], [[organophosphate|organophosphate poisoning]], [[parathion|parathion poisoning]], [[pyrethroid|pyrethroid poisoning]], [[Arizona bark scorpion|scorpion toxin]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | | '''Drug Side Effect''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetylcholine]], [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetylcholine]], [[alfentanil]], [[amiodarone]], [[anthracyclines]], [[barbiturate]], [[beta-blockers]], [[bortezomib]], [[bupivacaine]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[cholinesterase inhibitors]], [[clonidine]], [[dexmedetomidine]], [[digitalis]], [[digoxin]], [[diltiazem]], [[donepezil]], [[edrophonium]], [[fentanyl]], [[flecainide]], [[granisetron]], [[guanethidine]], [[guanfacine]], [[halothane]], [[ibutilide]], [[idarubicin]], [[lacosamide]], [[lidocaine]], [[lithium]], [[magnesium]], [[mepivacaine]], [[mesalamine]], [[methyldopa]], [[mexiletine]], [[neostigmine]], [[nitrous oxide]], [[pentostatin]], [[phenothiazine]], [[phenytoin]], [[procainamide]], [[propafenone]], [[propofol]], [[pyridostigmine]], [[quinidine]], [[remifentanil]], [[rescinnamine]], [[reserpine]], [[rilmenidine]], [[ropivacaine]], [[tacrine]], [[thiamylal]], [[vecuronium]], [[verapamil]] | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Ear Nose Throat''' | | '''Ear Nose Throat''' | ||
Line 44: | Line 61: | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Endocrine''' | | '''Endocrine''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[periodic paralysis|thyrotoxic periodic paralysis]], [[pheochromocytoma]], [[hypothyroidism|profound hypothyroidism]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Environmental''' | | '''Environmental''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Berberine]], [[hypothermia]], [[spider bite#spider venom|poisonous spider bites]], [[Arizona bark scorpion|scorpion toxin]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Genetic''' | | '''Genetic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[Brugada syndrome]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]], [[Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy|limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B)]], [[muscular dystrophy]], [[myotonic dystrophy]], [[Romano-Ward syndrome]], [[Timothy syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Hematologic''' | | '''Hematologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hemochromatosis]], [[multiple myeloma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Iatrogenic''' | | '''Iatrogenic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cardiac catheterization]], [[cardiac transplantation]], [[coronary artery bypass grafting]], [[Fontan procedure]], [[heart surgery]], [[regional anesthesia|infraclavicular brachial plexus block]], [[Maze procedure]], [[catheter ablation|post catheter ablation for arrhythmias]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Infectious Disease''' | | '''Infectious Disease''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute rheumatic fever]], [[Chagas disease]], [[diptheria]], [[Lyme disease]], [[myocarditis]], [[pericarditis]], [[septic shock]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[tuberculosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho''' | | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Muscular dystrophy]], [[myotonic dystrophy]], [[Timothy syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Neurologic''' | | '''Neurologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity]], [[lateral medullary syndrome]], [[vagal reaction]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic''' | | '''Nutritional / Metabolic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypermagnesemia]], [[metabolic acidosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Oncologic''' | | '''Oncologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[cardiac tumor#heart in lymphomas|Cardiac lymphoma]], [[cardiac tumor]], [[multiple myeloma]], [[pheochromocytoma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Opthalmologic''' | | '''Opthalmologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sjogren's syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Overdose / Toxicity''' | | '''Overdose / Toxicity''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetylcholine]], [[amiodarone]], [[anthracyclines]], [[barbiturate]], [[bortezomib]], [[cholinesterase inhibitors]], [[digitalis]], [[edrophonium]], [[nitrous oxide]], [[phenytoin]], [[propofol]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Psychiatric''' | | '''Psychiatric''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]], [[anorexia nervosa|severe anorexia nervosa]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Pulmonary''' | | '''Pulmonary''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypoxia]], [[sleep apnea]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Renal / Electrolyte''' | | '''Renal / Electrolyte''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute renal failure]], [[hyperkalemia]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy''' | | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute rheumatic fever]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Sjogren's syndrome]], [[scleroderma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Trauma''' | | '''Trauma''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myocardial contusion]], [[myocardial rupture]], [[brain damage|severe brain injury]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Miscellaneous''' | | '''Miscellaneous''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
{{col-begin|width=80%}} | |||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | |||
*[[Acetylcholine]] | *[[Acetylcholine]] | ||
*[[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity]] | *[[Acute coronary syndrome]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Acute renal failure]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Acute rheumatic fever]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Alfentanil]]<ref name="pmid2248851">{{cite journal| author=Bailey PL| title=Sinus arrest induced by trivial nasal stimulation during alfentanil-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. | journal=Br J Anaesth | year= 1990 | volume= 65 | issue= 5 | pages= 718-20 | pmid=2248851 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2248851 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Hyperkalemia]] | *[[Amiodarone]] | ||
*[[Amyloidosis]] | |||
*[[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]] | |||
*[[Anthracyclines]] | |||
*[[Antiarrhythmic drugs]] | |||
*[[Barbiturate]] | |||
*[[Berberine]] | |||
*[[Beta-blockers]]<ref name="pmid15688675">{{cite journal| author=Mills TA, Kawji MM, Cataldo VD, Pappas ND, O'Meallie LP, Breaux DM et al.| title=Profound sinus bradycardia due to diltiazem, verapamil, and/or beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. | journal=J La State Med Soc | year= 2004 | volume= 156 | issue= 6 | pages= 327-31 | pmid=15688675 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15688675 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Bortezomib]] | |||
*[[Brugada syndrome]] | |||
*[[Bupivacaine]] | |||
*[[Calcium channel blockers]] | |||
*[[Carbamazepine]] | |||
*[[Cardiac catheterization]] | |||
*[[cardiac tumor#heart in lymphomas|Cardiac lymphoma]] | |||
*[[Cardiac transplantation]] | |||
*[[Cardiac tumor]] | |||
*[[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity|Cardioinhibitory syncope]] | |||
*[[Chagas disease]] | |||
*[[Cholinesterase inhibitors]] | |||
*[[Clonidine]] | |||
*[[Congenital heart disease]] | |||
*[[Congestive heart failure]] | |||
*[[Coronary artery bypass grafting]] | |||
*[[reperfusion injury|Coronary reperfusion therapy]] | |||
*[[Dexmedetomidine]] | |||
*[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]] | |||
*[[Digoxin]] | |||
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]] | |||
*[[Diptheria]] | |||
*[[Diltiazem]]<ref name="pmid15688675">{{cite journal| author=Mills TA, Kawji MM, Cataldo VD, Pappas ND, O'Meallie LP, Breaux DM et al.| title=Profound sinus bradycardia due to diltiazem, verapamil, and/or beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. | journal=J La State Med Soc | year= 2004 | volume= 156 | issue= 6 | pages= 327-31 | pmid=15688675 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15688675 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Edrophonium]] | |||
*[[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]] | |||
*[[Fentanyl]] | |||
*[[Fontan procedure]] | |||
*[[Granisetron]] | |||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | |||
*[[Grayanotoxin]] | |||
*[[Guanethidine]] | |||
*[[Guanfacine]] | |||
*[[Halothane]]<ref name="pmid1678901">{{cite journal| author=Lines D, Shipton EA| title=Severe bradycardia and sinus arrest after administration of vecuronium, fentanyl and halothane. A case report. | journal=S Afr Med J | year= 1991 | volume= 80 | issue= 4 | pages= 200-1 | pmid=1678901 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1678901 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Heart surgery]] | |||
*[[Hyperkalemia]]<ref name="pmid16792034">{{cite journal |author=Bonvini RF, Hendiri T, Anwar A |title=Sinus arrest and moderate hyperkalemia |journal=[[Annales De Cardiologie Et D'angéiologie]] |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=161–3 |year=2006 |month=June |pmid=16792034 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Hypermagnesemia]] | |||
*[[Hypertensive heart disease]] | |||
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] | |||
*[[Hypothermia]] | |||
*[[Hypoxia]] | |||
*[[Ibutilide]] | |||
*[[Idarubicin]] | |||
*[[regional anesthesia|Infraclavicular brachial plexus block]] | |||
*[[Ischemic heart disease]] | |||
*[[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]] | |||
*[[Lacosamide]] | |||
*[[Lateral medullary syndrome]]<ref name="pmid23386489">{{cite journal| author=Koay S, Dewan B| title=An unexpected Holter monitor result: multiple sinus arrests in a patient with lateral medullary syndrome. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2013 | volume= 2013 | issue= | pages= | pmid=23386489 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2012-007783 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23386489 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Lidocaine]] | *[[Lidocaine]] | ||
*[[Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy|Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B)]] | |||
*[[Lithium]] | |||
*[[Long QT syndrome]] | |||
*[[Lyme disease]] | |||
*[[Magnesium]] | |||
*[[Maze procedure]] | |||
*[[Mepivacaine]] | |||
*[[Mesalamine]] | |||
*[[Metabolic acidosis]] | |||
*[[Methyldopa]] | |||
*[[Muscular dystrophy]] | |||
*[[Myocardial infarction]] | |||
*[[Myocardial rupture]] | |||
*[[Myocarditis]] | *[[Myocarditis]] | ||
* | *[[Myotonic dystrophy]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Neostigmine]] | ||
*[[Sinus node]] | *[[NSTEMI]] | ||
*[[organophosphate|Organophosphorus poisoning]] | |||
*[[parathion|Parathion poisoning]] | |||
*[[Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia]] | |||
*[[Pericarditis]] | |||
*[[Phenothiazine]] | |||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | |||
*[[Phenytoin]] | |||
*[[Pheochromocytoma]] | |||
*[[spider bite#spider venom|Poisonous spider bites]] | |||
*[[catheter ablation|Post catheter ablation for arrhythmias]] | |||
*[[Procainamide]] | |||
*[[hypothyroidism|Profound hypothyroidism]] | |||
*[[Propafenone]] | |||
*[[Propofol]] | |||
*[[pyrethroid|Pyrethroid poisoning]] | |||
*[[Pyridostigmine]] | |||
*[[Remifentanil]] | |||
*[[Rescinnamine]] | |||
*[[Reserpine]] | |||
*[[Rilmenidine]] | |||
*[[Romano-Ward syndrome]] | |||
*[[Ropivacaine]] | |||
*[[Sarcoidosis]] | |||
*[[Scleroderma]] | |||
*[[Arizona bark scorpion|Scorpion toxin]] | |||
*[[Septic shock]] | |||
*[[anorexia nervosa|Severe anorexia nervosa]] | |||
*[[brain damage|Severe brain injury]] | |||
*[[Sick sinus syndrome]] | |||
*[[Sinus bradycardia]] | |||
*[[Sinus node disease|Sinus node fibrosis]] | |||
*[[Sjogren's syndrome]] | |||
*[[Sleep apnea]] | *[[Sleep apnea]] | ||
*[[ | *[[STEMI]] | ||
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] | |||
*[[Tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome]] | |||
*[[Tacrine]] | |||
*[[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]] | |||
*[[Thiamylal]] | |||
*[[periodic paralysis|Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis]] | |||
*[[Timolol]] | |||
*[[Timothy syndrome]] | |||
*[[Tuberculosis]] | |||
*[[Vagal reaction]] | *[[Vagal reaction]] | ||
*[[Valvular heart disease]] | |||
*[[Vecuronium]]<ref name="pmid1678901">{{cite journal| author=Lines D, Shipton EA| title=Severe bradycardia and sinus arrest after administration of vecuronium, fentanyl and halothane. A case report. | journal=S Afr Med J | year= 1991 | volume= 80 | issue= 4 | pages= 200-1 | pmid=1678901 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1678901 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Verapamil]]<ref name="pmid15688675">{{cite journal| author=Mills TA, Kawji MM, Cataldo VD, Pappas ND, O'Meallie LP, Breaux DM et al.| title=Profound sinus bradycardia due to diltiazem, verapamil, and/or beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. | journal=J La State Med Soc | year= 2004 | volume= 156 | issue= 6 | pages= 327-31 | pmid=15688675 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15688675 }} </ref> | |||
{{col-end}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]] | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Electrophysiology]] | |||
[[Category:Arrhythmia]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:38, 15 June 2015
Sinoatrial arrest Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
Case Studies |
Sinoatrial arrest causes On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Sinoatrial arrest causes |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Sinoatrial arrest causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Sinus arrest is fairly uncommon. It can be observed in the setting of myocardial disease (myocarditis) and ischemia or infarction (particularly acute inferior or posterior ST segment elevation MI). It can be a manifestation of digitalis or lidocaine toxicity.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Acute renal failure
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Lateral medullary syndrome
- Myocardial rupture
- NSTEMI
- Organophosphate poisoning
- Parathion poisoning
- Poisonous spider bites
- Septic shock
- Severe brain injury
- STEMI
Common Causes
- Acetylcholine
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Amiodarone
- Beta blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
- Digoxin
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypermagnesemia
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Myocarditis
- Pericarditis
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Sinus node fibrosis
- STEMI
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Bailey PL (1990). "Sinus arrest induced by trivial nasal stimulation during alfentanil-nitrous oxide anaesthesia". Br J Anaesth. 65 (5): 718–20. PMID 2248851.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Mills TA, Kawji MM, Cataldo VD, Pappas ND, O'Meallie LP, Breaux DM; et al. (2004). "Profound sinus bradycardia due to diltiazem, verapamil, and/or beta-adrenergic blocking drugs". J La State Med Soc. 156 (6): 327–31. PMID 15688675.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lines D, Shipton EA (1991). "Severe bradycardia and sinus arrest after administration of vecuronium, fentanyl and halothane. A case report". S Afr Med J. 80 (4): 200–1. PMID 1678901.
- ↑ Bonvini RF, Hendiri T, Anwar A (2006). "Sinus arrest and moderate hyperkalemia". Annales De Cardiologie Et D'angéiologie. 55 (3): 161–3. PMID 16792034. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Koay S, Dewan B (2013). "An unexpected Holter monitor result: multiple sinus arrests in a patient with lateral medullary syndrome". BMJ Case Rep. 2013. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-007783. PMID 23386489.