Aplastic anemia: Difference between revisions

	Aplastic anemia Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Aplastic anemia from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Aplastic anemia On the Web
Most recent articles
cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Aplastic anemia All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Aplastic anemia
CDC on Aplastic anemia
Aplastic anemia in the news
Blogs on Aplastic anemia
Directions to Hospitals Treating Aplastic anemia
Risk calculators and risk factors for Aplastic anemia

← Older edit

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 16:54, 19 October 2018

For patient information click here

Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nazia Fuad M.D.; Aric Hall, M.D., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA[2]

Synonyms and keywords: Aplastic anaemia, aplastic pancytopenia, bone marrow hypoplasia, hypoplastic bone marrow, bone marrow aplasia, aplastic bone marrow, Ehrlich anemia, Hypoplastic anemia; Refractory anemia

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Aplastic anemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
+{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
+|-
+| [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=Aplastic anemia resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br>
+| [[Aplastic anemia resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
+|}
+'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
 {{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
    Name           = Aplastic anemia |
@@ Line 14: / Line 21: @@
 }}
 {{Template:Aplastic anemia}}
-'''Editor-In-Chief:''' Aric Hall, M.D., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA[mailto:achall@bidmc.harvard.edu]
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{N.F}}; Aric Hall, M.D., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA[mailto:achall@bidmc.harvard.edu]
+{{SK}} Aplastic anaemia, aplastic pancytopenia, bone marrow hypoplasia, hypoplastic bone marrow, bone marrow aplasia, aplastic bone marrow, Ehrlich anemia, Hypoplastic anemia; Refractory anemia
 ==[[Aplastic anemia overview|Overview]]==
@@ Line 27: / Line 36: @@
 ==[[Aplastic_anemia_natural_history,_complications_and_prognosis|Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis]]==
 ==Diagnosis==
-[[Aplastic anemia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Aplastic anemia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Aplastic anemia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Aplastic anemia electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Aplastic anemia chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Aplastic anemia CT|CT]] | [[Aplastic anemia MRI|MRI]] | [[Aplastic anemia echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Aplastic anemia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Aplastic anemia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
+[[Aplastic anemia diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic Study of Choice]] | [[Aplastic anemia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Aplastic anemia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Aplastic anemia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Aplastic anemia electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Aplastic anemia chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Aplastic anemia CT|CT]] | [[Aplastic anemia MRI|MRI]] | [[Aplastic anemia echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Aplastic anemia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Aplastic anemia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
-==Diagnosis==
-The diagnosis can only be made on [[bone marrow examination]]. This will reveal a hypocellular bone marrow with fatty replacement of the normal hematopoetic precursors.  The primary diagnostic dilemma is differentiating aplastic anemia from a hypocellular [[myelodysplastic syndrome]]. Before this procedure is undertaken, a patient will generally have had other [[blood test]]s to find diagnostic clues, including a [[full blood count]], [[renal function]] and [[electrolyte]]s, [[liver enzyme]]s, [[thyroid]] function tests, [[vitamin B12]] and [[folic acid]] levels.
 ==Treatment==
-Treating aplastic anemia involves suppression of the [[immune system]], an effect achieved by daily [[medicine]] intake, or, in more severe cases, a [[bone marrow transplant]], a potential cure but a risky procedure. The transplanted bone marrow replaces the failing bone marrow cells with new ones from a matching donor. The [[pluripotency|pluripotent]] stem cells in the bone marrow reconstitute all three blood cell lines, giving the patient a new immune system, red blood cells, and platelets. However, besides the risk of graft failure, there is also a risk that the newly created white blood cells may attack the rest of the body ("[[graft-versus-host disease]]").
+[[Aplastic anemia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Aplastic anemia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Aplastic anemia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Aplastic anemia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Aplastic anemia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Aplastic anemia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
+==Case Studies==
-Medical therapy of aplastic anemia often includes a short course of [[anti-thymocyte globulin]] (ATG or [[anti-lymphocyte globulin]]) and several months of treatment with [[cyclosporin]] to modulate the [[immune system]]. Mild [[chemotherapy]] with agents such as [[cyclophosphamide]] and [[vincristine]] may also be effective. [[Antibody|Antibodies]] therapy, such as ATG, targets T-cells, which are believed to attack the bone marrow. [[Steroids]] are generally ineffective.
+[[Aplastic anemia case study one|Case #1]]
-In the past, before the above treatments became available, patients with low leukocyte counts were often confined to a sterile room or bubble (to reduce risk of infections), as in the famed case of [[Ted DeVita]].
-==Prognosis==
+==Related Chapters==
-Untreated aplastic anemia is an illness that leads to rapid death, typically within six months.  If the disease is diagnosed correctly and initial treatment is begun promptly, then the survival rate for the next five to ten years is substantially improved, and many patients live well beyond that length of time.
-Occasionally, milder cases of the disease resolve on their own.  Relapses of previously controlled disease are, however, much more common.
-Well-matched bone marrow transplants from siblings have been successful in young, otherwise healthy people, with a long-term survival rate of 80%-90%.  Most successful BMT recipients eventually reach a point where they consider themselves cured for all practical purposes, although they need to be compliant with follow-up care permanently.
-Older people (who are generally too frail to undergo bone marrow transplants) and people who are unable to find a good bone marrow match have [[five year survival rate]] of up to 75%.
-==Follow-up==
-Regular [[full blood count]]s are required to determine whether the patient is still in a state of remission.
--33% of all patients develop the [[rare disease]] [[paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]] (PNH, anemia with thrombopenia and/or [[thrombosis]]), which has been explained as an escape mechanism by the bone marrow against destruction by the immune system. [[Flow cytometry]] testing is probably warranted in all PNH patients with recurrent aplasia.
-==See also==
 * [[Fanconi anemia]]
 * [[Acquired pure red cell aplasia]]
-==External links==
-* [http://www.aamds.org Aplastic Anemia & MDS International Foundation]
-* [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/aplastic-anemia/DS00322 Mayo Clinic]
-* [http://medic.med.uth.tmc.edu/ptnt/00001038.htm University of Texas]
-* {{MedlinePlusEncylopedia|000554}} -- Idiopathic aplastic anemia
-* {{MedlinePlusEncylopedia|000529}} -- Secondary aplastic anemia
-* [http://www.TheAAT.org.uk The Aplastic Anaemia Trust]
-* [http://www.shannonstrust.org.uk/help-given.html Help for Aplastic Anemia sufferers]
-==References==
-{{reflist|2}}
-{{Hematology}}
-[[bn:অবর্ধক রক্তশূন্যতা]]
-[[de:Aplastische Anämie]]
-[[es:Anemia aplásica]]
-[[fr:Insuffisance médullaire]]
-[[it:Anemia aplastica]]
-[[nl:Beenmergdepressie]]
-[[ja:再生不良性貧血]]
-[[pt:Anemia aplástica]]
-[[fi:Aplastinen anemia]]
-[[sv:Aplastisk anemi]]
-[[tr:Aplastik anemi]]
-[[zh:再生不良性貧血]]
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 [[Category:Disease]]