Ulnar bone fracture differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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{{Ulnar bone fracture}}
{{Ulnar bone fracture}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}[[User:DrMars|Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2]]].


==Overview==
==Overview==
Ulnar bone fracture must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
Ulnar bone fracture must be differentiated from other diseases that could affect the bone strength and consequently leads to the bone fracture.


OR
==Differentiating Ulnar bone Fracture from other Diseases==
In the orthopedic medicine its important to know that the forearm fracture should be evaluated using radiography for both confirming diagnosis and also for evaluating the surrounding tissues. Since there is no "differential" diagnosis list in this regard the main question for the medical doctor and/or orthopedic surgeon is either about what other injuries might be present, or whether the fracture was caused by some underlying abnormality such as osteoporosis causing pathological fracture<ref name="pmid29262187">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johnson NP, Silberman M |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=29262187 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29442213">{{cite journal |vauthors=Griffith TB, Kercher J, Clifton Willimon S, Perkins C, Duralde XA |title=Elbow Injuries in the Adolescent Thrower |journal=Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=35–47 |date=March 2018 |pmid=29442213 |pmc=5825338 |doi=10.1007/s12178-018-9457-4 |url=}}</ref>. Additional injuries such as possible olecranon fracture-dislocation; radial head or coronoid fractures or lateral collateral ligament  injury, might be seen in Monteggia fracture. If the mechanism of injury suggests particularly low energy then the Osteoporosis should be considered. The pathological Fractures occurring in a bone with a tumor or Paget's disease) are rare but possible<ref name="pmid25657938">{{cite journal |vauthors=Meena S, Sharma P, Sambharia AK, Dawar A |title=Fractures of distal radius: an overview |journal=J Family Med Prim Care |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=325–32 |date=2014 |pmid=25657938 |pmc=4311337 |doi=10.4103/2249-4863.148101 |url=}}</ref>.


[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
Also it should be noted that the both bone fractures can be complicated by acute [[compartment syndrome]] of the forearm. Signs suggesting [[compartment syndrome]] are pain on extension of digits, and marked edema<ref name="pmid25657938">{{cite journal |vauthors=Meena S, Sharma P, Sambharia AK, Dawar A |title=Fractures of distal radius: an overview |journal=J Family Med Prim Care |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=325–32 |date=2014 |pmid=25657938 |pmc=4311337 |doi=10.4103/2249-4863.148101 |url=}}</ref>.


==Differentiating [Disease name] from other Diseases==
As another important fact in orthopedic fracture is if both-bone fractures were found in pediatric which is common after accidental trauma, but it may also be the due to the of child abuse; and in these cases a careful attention and evaluation should be considered if a child  abuse is suspected<ref name="pmid27620542">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guss MS, Kaye D, Rettig M |title=Bennett Fractures A Review of Management |journal=Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013) |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=197–202 |date=September 2016 |pmid=27620542 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27886684">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hopkins CM, Calandruccio JH, Mauck BM |title=Controversies in Fractures of the Proximal Ulna |journal=Orthop. Clin. North Am. |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=71–80 |date=January 2017 |pmid=27886684 |doi=10.1016/j.ocl.2016.08.011 |url=}}</ref>.  
A forearm shaft fracture should be readily diagnosed from radiography. As such, there is no "differential" diagnosis list, per se; the question is either about what other injuries may be present, or whether the fracture was caused by some underlying abnormality such as osteoporosis.  


Additional injuries that may be seen with Monteggia fractures, for example, include possible olecranon fracture-dislocation; radial head or coronoid fractures or lateral collateral ligament  injury.
== References ==
 
Secondary injuries include not only damage to the elbow or wrist, but otherwise more distal unrelated injuries simply sustained at the same time.
 
Osteoporosis should be considered if the mechanism of injury suggests particularly low energy.
 
Fractures through a pre-existing lesion (a so-called "pathological fracture", for example, one occurring in a bone with a tumor or Paget's disease) are rare but possible.
 
[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
 
OR
 
[Disease name] must be differentiated from [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
 
OR
 
As [disease name] manifests in a variety of clinical forms, differentiation must be established in accordance with the particular subtype. [Subtype name 1] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], such as [differential dx1] and [differential dx2]. In contrast, [subtype name 2] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 2], such as [differential dx3] and [differential dx4].
 
===Differentiating [disease name] from other diseases on the basis of [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]===
 
On the basis [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3], [disease name] must be differentiated from [disease 1], [disease 2], [disease 3], [disease 4], [disease 5], and [disease 6].
{|
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
! colspan="7" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Para-clinical findings
| colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Gold standard'''
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Symptoms'''
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical examination
|-
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab Findings
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptom 1
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptom 2
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptom 3
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical exam 1
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical exam 2
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical exam 3
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab 1
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab 2
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab 3
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging 1
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging 2
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging 3
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 1
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 2
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 3
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
!Diseases
!Symptom 1
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Symptom 2
!Symptom 3
!Physical exam 1
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Physical exam 2
!Physical exam 3
!Lab 1
!Lab 2
!Lab 3
!Imaging 1
!Imaging 2
!Imaging 3
!Histopathology
|'''Gold standard'''
!Additional findings
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 4
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 5
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 6
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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|}
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

Latest revision as of 14:48, 28 December 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2].

Overview

Ulnar bone fracture must be differentiated from other diseases that could affect the bone strength and consequently leads to the bone fracture.

Differentiating Ulnar bone Fracture from other Diseases

In the orthopedic medicine its important to know that the forearm fracture should be evaluated using radiography for both confirming diagnosis and also for evaluating the surrounding tissues. Since there is no "differential" diagnosis list in this regard the main question for the medical doctor and/or orthopedic surgeon is either about what other injuries might be present, or whether the fracture was caused by some underlying abnormality such as osteoporosis causing pathological fracture[1][2]. Additional injuries such as possible olecranon fracture-dislocation; radial head or coronoid fractures or lateral collateral ligament  injury, might be seen in Monteggia fracture. If the mechanism of injury suggests particularly low energy then the Osteoporosis should be considered. The pathological Fractures occurring in a bone with a tumor or Paget's disease) are rare but possible[3].

Also it should be noted that the both bone fractures can be complicated by acute compartment syndrome of the forearm. Signs suggesting compartment syndrome are pain on extension of digits, and marked edema[3].

As another important fact in orthopedic fracture is if both-bone fractures were found in pediatric which is common after accidental trauma, but it may also be the due to the of child abuse; and in these cases a careful attention and evaluation should be considered if a child abuse is suspected[4][5].

References

  1. Johnson NP, Silberman M. PMID 29262187. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. Griffith TB, Kercher J, Clifton Willimon S, Perkins C, Duralde XA (March 2018). "Elbow Injuries in the Adolescent Thrower". Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 11 (1): 35–47. doi:10.1007/s12178-018-9457-4. PMC 5825338. PMID 29442213.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Meena S, Sharma P, Sambharia AK, Dawar A (2014). "Fractures of distal radius: an overview". J Family Med Prim Care. 3 (4): 325–32. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.148101. PMC 4311337. PMID 25657938.
  4. Guss MS, Kaye D, Rettig M (September 2016). "Bennett Fractures A Review of Management". Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013). 74 (3): 197–202. PMID 27620542.
  5. Hopkins CM, Calandruccio JH, Mauck BM (January 2017). "Controversies in Fractures of the Proximal Ulna". Orthop. Clin. North Am. 48 (1): 71–80. doi:10.1016/j.ocl.2016.08.011. PMID 27886684.